Radiation pressure, momentum question.

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the concept of radiation pressure and momentum transfer when electromagnetic radiation interacts with transparent materials. Participants explore the implications of transparency on radiation pressure, absorption, and reflection, addressing both theoretical and conceptual aspects of the phenomenon.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions how momentum is transferred to transparent materials when electromagnetic radiation creates pressure upon them.
  • Another participant asserts that no material is completely transparent, implying that some absorption must occur.
  • It is proposed that objects feel radiation pressure primarily when they absorb light, suggesting that a perfectly transparent material would not experience radiation pressure.
  • A different viewpoint states that if absorption occurs, the light exiting the material has fewer photons but maintains the same wavelength, indicating momentum transfer is due to photon removal rather than wavelength change.
  • Participants note that light is necessarily reflected when entering a medium with differing indices of refraction, which could affect momentum transfer.
  • One participant argues that if a material is completely transparent, no light is reflected, challenging the previous assertion about reflection.
  • A clarification is made regarding the definition of transparency, stating that it relates to the imaginary part of the index of refraction being zero, and provides a formula for reflectivity at perpendicular incidence.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the nature of transparency and its implications for radiation pressure and momentum transfer. There is no consensus on whether perfectly transparent materials can experience radiation pressure or how momentum is transferred in such cases.

Contextual Notes

Participants discuss the complexities of transparency, absorption, and reflection, highlighting the dependence on definitions and the conditions under which these phenomena occur. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the implications of these factors on radiation pressure.

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If an electromagnetic radiation passes through a transparent medium (dielectric or conductor), and if the radiation creates a pressure upon that medium, that means that a part of the photons momentum will be transferred to the medium and the radiation will exit with a higher wavelength ?
How exactly momentum is transferred to transparent materials? Thanks!
 
Last edited:
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Hi there,

No material is completely transparent (except for vacuum of course).

Cheers
 
Objects feel radiation pressure when they absorb light. A perfectly transparent material should feel no radiation pressure, since it doesn't absorb light.
 
And if there happens to be any absorption then in most cases the light exiting the material has fewer number of photons, but unchanged wavelength, i.e. any momentum transferred to the medium is due to removal of whole photons from the beam, and not due to each photon changing wavelength slightly.
 
You should not forget that part of the light is reflected when entering the medium neccessarily when the indices of refraction do not coincide.
 
But if the material is completely transparent, than no light is reflected.
 
No, transparency means that the imaginary part of the index of refraction is zero.
For perpendicular incidence from vacuum onto a medium of refractive index n, the reflectivity is then given as R=(n-1)^2/(n+1)^2.
 

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