Reactor's waste heat dissipation in space

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the requirements for waste heat dissipation from a nuclear fission reactor aboard a spacecraft. Key factors include the size of the radiator, which is determined by the temperature and emissivity of the material used. In a vacuum, the maximum heat that can be dissipated is influenced by the Stefan-Boltzmann law, with space temperatures around 4 K. The effectiveness of the radiator must be balanced against the thermodynamic efficiency of the power conversion system employed.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of nuclear fission reactor principles
  • Knowledge of thermodynamics and heat transfer
  • Familiarity with the Stefan-Boltzmann law
  • Basic concepts of emissivity and its impact on heat dissipation
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the Stefan-Boltzmann law and its applications in thermal radiation
  • Explore materials with high emissivity for radiator design
  • Study thermodynamic efficiency in power conversion systems
  • Investigate existing spacecraft designs utilizing nuclear fission reactors
USEFUL FOR

Aerospace engineers, thermal management specialists, and researchers in spacecraft design and nuclear power systems will benefit from this discussion.

aquitaine
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So, hypothetically if we had a spaceship of some kind using a nuclear fission reactor for power, in order to dump the waste heat into space, how big of a radiator would be needed? How much heat, in watts, can be dumped per square meter of radiator in a vacuum?
 
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aquitaine said:
So, hypothetically if we had a spaceship of some kind using a nuclear fission reactor for power, in order to dump the waste heat into space, how big of a radiator would be needed? How much heat, in watts, can be dumped per square meter of radiator in a vacuum?
The size of the radiator depends on the temperature and emissivity of the material.

Eventually all of the heat is radiated to space, which when far enough from a star is at about 4 K. The trade off is between radiator effectiveness (temperature) and thermodynamic efficiency of whatever power conversion system one develops.

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/stefan.html
 

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