Rotation matrix between two orthonormal frames

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the calculation of the rotation matrix between two orthonormal frames represented by matrices ##N## and ##N'##. The rotation matrix is defined as ##R = N' N^{T}##, where ##N^{T}## serves as the change of basis from the frame ##\{ \mathbf{n}_i \}## to the standard basis ##\{ \mathbf{e}_i \}##. This relationship is crucial for understanding transformations in rigid body dynamics, particularly in linear algebra applications involving rotations and translations.

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  • Understanding of orthonormal frames and their properties
  • Familiarity with matrix operations, specifically matrix multiplication and transposition
  • Basic knowledge of linear algebra concepts, including change of basis
  • Experience with rigid body transformations in physics or engineering
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santos2015
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I am reading a paper and am stuck on the following snippet.

Given two orthonormal frames of vectors ##(\bf n1,n2,n3)## and ##(\bf n'1,n'2,n'3)## we can form two matrices ##N= (\bf n1,n2,n3)## and ##N' =(\bf n'1,n'2,n'3)##. In the case of a rigid body, where the two frames are related via rotations and translations only, we can can calculate the rotation matrix between the two frames as:
##R = N' N^{T} ##.

My linear algebra is quite rusty and I am having some trouble understanding why this is true. Thanks for looking.
 
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Let ##\{\mathbf{e}_i\}## be the standard basis ##\mathbf{e}_1 = (1,0,0)^T,\ldots##. Then ##N^T## is the change of basis from ##\{ \mathbf{n}_i \}## to ##\{\mathbf{e}_i\}##, since we can show that ##\mathbf{e}_1 = N^T \mathbf{n}_1##, etc. Similarly, ##N'## is the change of basis from ##\{\mathbf{e}_i\}## to ##\{ \mathbf{n}'_i \}##. Therefore the change of basis from ##\{ \mathbf{n}_i \}## to ##\{ \mathbf{n}'_i \}## is given by the product ##N' N^T##.
 
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