Rotational Energy, Rolling downhill

Click For Summary
SUMMARY

A solid steel sphere with a radius of 10 cm and a mass of 1.5 kg rolls down a 1.25 m incline at a 20-degree angle. The linear velocity of the center of the sphere at the bottom of the incline is calculated to be 2.70 m/s using the energy conservation equation mgh = 0.5Iw² + 0.5mv², where I is the moment of inertia I = 2/5(mr²). The discussion clarifies that the velocities at the top edge and bottom of the sphere are not the same as the center of mass velocity, emphasizing the relationship between tangential and linear velocities.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of rotational dynamics and energy conservation principles
  • Familiarity with moment of inertia calculations, specifically I = 2/5(mr²)
  • Knowledge of angular and linear velocity relationships, including w = v/r
  • Basic trigonometry to analyze incline angles and distances
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the moment of inertia for different shapes, focusing on spheres
  • Learn about the conservation of energy in rotational motion
  • Explore the relationship between linear and angular velocities in rolling motion
  • Investigate the effects of incline angles on the motion of rolling objects
USEFUL FOR

Students in physics, particularly those studying mechanics, as well as educators and anyone interested in understanding the principles of rotational energy and motion in rolling objects.

Elysian
Messages
33
Reaction score
0

Homework Statement


A solid steel sphere of radius 10 cm and a mass of 1.5 kg rolls down a 1.25 m incline that makes an angle of 20 degrees with the horizontal. Calculate the linear velocity of the following points relative to the ground, when it reaches the bottom of the incline.
a) The center of the sphere
b) A point at the top edge of the sphere
c) A point at the bottom of the sphere


Homework Equations



mgh = .5Iw2+.5mv2

I = 2/5(mr^2)

The Attempt at a Solution



Ok so using the equation above, energy, I substituted in the values, using wr = v1 for tangential velocities, putting W = v1/r for the angular velocity, But the velocity (v2) of the .5 mv2, is different than the tangential, as the velocity of the kinetic energy (normal) is V2, V2 = .5*V1, which is derived from the fact that a point on a sphere goes twice the distance compared to the center of mass, the point on the spheres velocity is V1, v2 is the speed of the Center of mass.

Substituting we get

mgh = .5(.4*m*r^2)(.5V1/r)2 + .5*m*V12

which reduces down into

gh = .1(v1^2/4) + .5v1^2, and I get 2.70 m/s for the linear speed of the center of mass... is this right?

Also would the answers for b and c be the same?
 
Physics news on Phys.org

Similar threads

  • · Replies 21 ·
Replies
21
Views
5K
  • · Replies 35 ·
2
Replies
35
Views
5K
  • · Replies 97 ·
4
Replies
97
Views
6K
Replies
5
Views
3K
Replies
335
Views
17K
  • · Replies 12 ·
Replies
12
Views
3K
  • · Replies 10 ·
Replies
10
Views
2K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
1K
  • · Replies 4 ·
Replies
4
Views
2K