Undergrad Schmidt decomposition and entropy of the W state

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the Schmidt decomposition of the W state, defined as |W⟩ = (1/√3)(|001⟩ + |010⟩ + |100⟩), which is an entangled state in quantum mechanics. The Schmidt decomposition requires orthonormal sets from two Hilbert spaces, but the W state involves a tensor product of three spaces, complicating the application of the standard decomposition. Participants highlight the need for a generalized approach to Schmidt decomposition in tripartite systems and reference relevant literature for further exploration.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of quantum mechanics and entangled states
  • Familiarity with Hilbert spaces and tensor products
  • Knowledge of Schmidt decomposition principles
  • Basic grasp of density matrices in quantum systems
NEXT STEPS
  • Research generalized Schmidt decomposition techniques for tripartite systems
  • Study the construction and properties of reduced density matrices
  • Examine relevant literature on entangled states and their applications
  • Explore counterexamples in the context of Schmidt decomposition in quantum mechanics
USEFUL FOR

Quantum physicists, researchers in quantum information theory, and students studying entangled states and their mathematical representations will benefit from this discussion.

yamata1
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Hello,

The state | W \rangle = \frac { 1 } { \sqrt { 3 } } ( | 001 \rangle + | 010 \rangle + | 100 \rangle ) is entangled.
The Schmidt decomposition is :

Let H _ { 1 } and H _ { 2 } be Hilbert spaces of dimensions n and m respectively. Assume {\displaystyle n\geq m}.For any vector w in the tensor product H _ { 1 } \otimes H _ { 2 } , there exist orthonormal sets \left\{ u _ { 1 } , \ldots , u _ { m } \right\} \subset H _ { 1 } and \left\{ v _ { 1 } , \ldots , v _ { m } \right\} \subset H _ { 2 } such that w = \sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { m } \alpha _ { i } u _ { i } \otimes v _ { i } where the scalars {\displaystyle \alpha _{i}}are real, non-negative, and, as a (multi-)set, uniquely determined by w.

What would the Schmidt decomposition be for | W \rangle ?
I am also intersted in writing the reduced density matrix but I need the basis from the Schmidt decomposition.

Thank you.
 
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The Schmidt decomposition refers to a tensor product of two spaces while your state vector is an element of a tensor product of three spaces.

A quick search yielded this paper which talks about generalizing the Schmidt decomposition and this post on stackexchange which talks about counterexamples in the tripartite case.
 

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