Showing X Vector Concentrated Around Unit Sphere Convergence of Mean-Squared

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on demonstrating that the vector X, defined as X_i = 1/{sqrt{N}} * Y_i where Y_i are standard normal random variables, converges to the unit sphere as N approaches infinity. Specifically, it establishes that the squared norm ||X||^2 becomes concentrated around 1, indicating mean-squared convergence. The key conclusion is that as N increases, the mean of ||X||^2 approaches 1 while the variance approaches 0, confirming the convergence in the mean square sense.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of standard normal random variables
  • Familiarity with vector norms and the concept of convergence
  • Knowledge of mean-squared convergence in probability theory
  • Basic principles of mathematical proofs and limit theorems
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of standard normal distributions and their applications
  • Learn about convergence concepts in probability, focusing on mean-squared convergence
  • Explore the implications of the law of large numbers on vector norms
  • Investigate the geometric interpretation of convergence to the unit sphere
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Mathematics students, statisticians, and researchers in probability theory who are interested in convergence properties of random vectors and their geometric interpretations.

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Homework Statement


Let Y_i be standard normal random variables, and let X be an N vector of random variables, X=(X_1, ..., X_N) where X_i = 1/{sqrt{N}} * Y_i. I want to show that as N goes to infinity, the vector X becomes "close" to the unit sphere.



Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution


I want to show for N large, ||X||^2 is concentrated around the boundary of the sphere, and I am told that I can frame this in terms of convergence of mean-squared. I have no idea how to formulate this problem in terms of mean-squared convergence.
 
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You want to prove that ||x||^2→1 in the mean square sense, which means as a random variable, the mean of ||x||^2 is 1 and variance is 0 as N→inf
 

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