The discussion explains how to prove the sine rule using the cross product in vector form. It starts with the area of a triangle expressed as A = 1/2 * |a x b|, leading to the relationships A = 1/2 * ab sin C, A = 1/2 * bc sin A, and A = 1/2 * ca sin B. By equating these expressions, it derives the sine rule: sin A/a = sin B/b = sin C/c. The proof utilizes the properties of vector addition and cross products, confirming that the relationships hold true for the sides and angles of triangle ABC. This method effectively demonstrates the sine rule through vector analysis.