Solve Lagrange's Mechanics Homework on Projectiles in Gravity

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The discussion focuses on deriving the differential equations of motion for a projectile in a uniform gravitational field without air resistance. It emphasizes the importance of considering motion in the z-direction, as gravitational force typically acts along this axis. The equations of motion are derived using kinetic and potential energy principles, with the Lagrangian approach being applied. Clarification is provided that for a complete analysis, one must account for velocities in the x, y, and z directions at the initial time. Understanding the gravitational field's direction is crucial for accurately modeling projectile motion.
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Homework Statement


Find the differential equations of motion of a projectile in a uniform gravitational field without
air resistance.

Homework Equations


For the motion of a projectile,
in horizontal, sx = ux t
in vertical, sy = uy t + 1/2 gt2
KE = 1/2 mv2
PE = mgh

The Attempt at a Solution


L = KE - PE
= 1/2 m ( vx2 + vy2 ) - mgy
Then find their partial differentiation in terms of x, x_dot, y and y_dot.

However, the answer claims that there is z-direction motion.
Why z direction takes into the case?
Thankyou.
 
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YauYauYau said:
However, the answer claims that there is z-direction motion.
Why z direction takes into the case?
if there is a general motion of projectile i.e. there are velocities in x,y,z directions at t=0 one can have equations of motion.
first one must choose the direction of gravitational field and a natural choice will be z.
 
drvrm said:
if there is a general motion of projectile i.e. there are velocities in x,y,z directions at t=0 one can have equations of motion.
first one must choose the direction of gravitational field and a natural choice will be z.
Thanks I got the idea
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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