# Superluminal (Tachyon) Transformations

1. Jul 5, 2014

### MattRob

Hey all,
I've been reading "Time Travel and Warp Drives" by Allen Everett and Thomas Roman, and the book had an interesting section on Tachyons. At one point it presented a system Leonard Parker (of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee) created whereby coordinate transformations for Tachyons could be done that would respect the "light barrier" and avoid paradoxes.

In the context of a "toy" two-dimensional spacetime, instead of having
$(ct')^{2}-x'^{2} = (ct)^{2}-x^{2}$
as regular Lorentzian transformations do, for Tachyons it had
$-(ct')^{2}+x'^{2} = (ct)^{2}-x^{2}$

The system allowed for Tachyons that wouldn't be able to invoke paradoxes, since Tachyons could, in this model, only travel in the positive $x$ direction, just as regular matter can only travel in the positive $t$ direction, thus it couldn't return to its original point in spacetime and form a closed time-like curve.

This failed in higher dimensions, though, since it either required more dimensions of time so the other two dimensions of space would have something to interchange with, or it would introduce a preferred direction (the positive $x$ axis that acts as "forward in time" for the Tachyons).

My thought was that, "well, but why couldn't the arbitrary direction of its travel act as this $x$-axis for any specific Tachyon, so it wouldn't be the same for every Tachyon, thus not introduce a preferred frame?"

Later in the text, though, it simply says; "Allen and his collaborators were able to demonstrate, beyond question, that these papers [claiming that it was possible to construct a theory of superluminal coordinate transformations that did not involve the introduction of a preferred direction] were mathematically inconsistent."

It gets my mind thinking on other tangents, and actually wondering about the significance of a preferred direction, and some cosmological models that might somehow be related to such a concept (at least locally, within the Schwarzschild radius of a black hole, such a thing could be said to exist: the direction towards the singularity. Also, forward in time is a preferred direction for regular matter, though time is different from space, and it might be a little "inconsiderate" (ie, uncalled for) to invoke a whole new "arrow of time" problem).

But most immediately, before going off on that tangent; what I'm really asking here is; what about my question, earlier? Why couldn't the direction of travel of any Tachyon be its "preferred" $x$-axis?

2. Jul 5, 2014

Staff Emeritus
That theory violates relativity.

You can do that, of course (although it would probably be smarter to pick an easier target), but if you are going to violate relativity, why try and solve a problem that is a conclusion of relativity?

3. Jul 5, 2014

### Staff: Mentor

Not allowing closed time-like curves is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for a theory to be workable.

Because the preferred direction is not a property of the tachyons, it's a property if the universe that they exist in. Thus, they'd all have to agree about which direction is the preferred direction, which is easy in a universe with one temporal and one spatial dimension but impossible in a three+one universe.

As an aside, the bolded text above was poorly worded, and that may be contributing to your misunderstanding. Transforms don't apply between objects, they apply between coordinate systems; objects don't own these coordinate systems. Thus, instead of saying "its x-axis" you should be saying "the x-axis of the coordinate system we're using, which happens to be the direction that the tachyons are traveling in". It should be clear that you cannot such construct such a coordinate system in three spatial dimensions, but you can in one.

Last edited: Jul 5, 2014
4. Jul 5, 2014

### Staff: Mentor

You need to be able to explain all physics from any frame, not just one thing from each frame.

For the transform they are talking about here you would have something like:
t'=x
x'=t
y'=y
z'=z

That is certainly possible to do and would make things going at v>c in the x direction look "nice", but it would not change any of the actual physics, nor would it make the equations look "nice" for objects going at v>c in any other direction nor for objects going at v<c in the x direction.