The Einstein and Ricci tensors

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the conceptual understanding of the Einstein field equations in general relativity, specifically focusing on the choice of the Einstein tensor over the Ricci tensor in the equations. Participants explore the physical reasoning behind this decision and the implications of divergence in tensors related to energy conservation.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions why Einstein chose the Einstein tensor instead of the Ricci tensor, noting that Einstein initially considered equating the Ricci tensor with the stress-energy tensor.
  • Another participant explains that the stress-energy tensor has zero divergence due to energy conservation, which necessitated a left-hand side tensor with the same property, leading to the creation of the Einstein tensor that has zero divergence.
  • A participant reiterates the importance of zero divergence in the context of energy conservation and seeks a layman's explanation of divergence.
  • A later reply clarifies that zero divergence indicates local conservation, comparing it to fluid flow, and mentions the Bianchi identity as a reason for the divergence-free nature of the Einstein tensor, while suggesting that other divergence-free tensors might exist.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the importance of zero divergence in the context of the Einstein field equations, but there is no consensus on the full range of motivations for choosing the Einstein tensor specifically over other candidates.

Contextual Notes

Participants express uncertainty about the existence of other candidate divergence-free curvature tensors and the potential motivations behind Einstein's specific choice.

TrickyDicky
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I'm trying to understand the Einstein field equations conceptually, and one of the things that I'd like to understand is why Einstein decided that the left side of the GR equation should be the Einstein tensor instead of the Ricci tensor, I heard that initially he entertained the idea of equating the Ricci tensor with the stress-energy tensor part, but he finally, in November 1915 came up with the final form. What were the physical reasons to decide that the Ricci tensor alone couldn't account for the curvature of the stress-energy tensor gravitational field?

Thanks
 
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Because energy is conserved, the stress energy tensor has zero divergence. Since he wanted to equate the stress-energy tensor on the right-hand side with the curvature of space-time on the left-hand side, he needed a tensor on the left-hand side which also had zero divergence. The Ricci tensor has a non-zero divergence, so he created the Einstein tensor, which does have zero divergence.
 
phyzguy said:
Because energy is conserved, the stress energy tensor has zero divergence. Since he wanted to equate the stress-energy tensor on the right-hand side with the curvature of space-time on the left-hand side, he needed a tensor on the left-hand side which also had zero divergence. The Ricci tensor has a non-zero divergence, so he created the Einstein tensor, which does have zero divergence.

Thanks, I suspected it was related to energy conservation issues.
Can you give a an explanation for laymen of what it means to have zero divergence, and define divergence in this context?
Thanks.
 
Zero divergence means locally conserved. Like a fluid. That the quantity flowing into any small volume is equal to the quantity flowing back out of the volume.

In differential geometry, the Bianchi identity says that what we now call the Einstein tensor is a quantity for which the divergence is exactly zero always. By making a law equating this to the mass-energy tensor, you automatically ensure the mass-energy will be locally conserved according to the theory. But I assume other candidate divergence-free curvature tensors exist; there was probably further motivation for choosing the Einstein tensor specifically..
 

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