The relativistic Doppler effect

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the relativistic Doppler effect and its application in calculating the source frequency of light from a receding galaxy. The user successfully determined the observed frequency (f(obs) = 5.1189 x 1014 Hz) and the source frequency (f(source) = 3.19675 x 1015 Hz), leading to a wavelength of 94 nm. However, issues arose when applying the Rydberg equation, resulting in nonsensical values for the principal quantum number (n). The conversation emphasizes the importance of "un-shifting" the frequency to find the original energy levels accurately.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of the relativistic Doppler effect
  • Familiarity with the Rydberg equation
  • Knowledge of photon frequency and wavelength conversions
  • Basic concepts of quantum mechanics, particularly energy levels in hydrogen
NEXT STEPS
  • Explore the derivation and application of the relativistic Doppler shift formula
  • Study the Rydberg equation in detail, focusing on its application to various energy levels
  • Learn about energy calculations in electron volts (eV) for quantum states
  • Investigate the relationship between observed and emitted frequencies in astrophysical contexts
USEFUL FOR

Astronomy students, physicists, and anyone interested in understanding the implications of the relativistic Doppler effect on light from distant galaxies.

help I have 12 hours
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Homework Statement
An electron in a hydrogen atom drops from an excited state n=n’ to the n=1 level and emits a photon in a distant galaxy. When the photon reaches earth, its final energy is observed to be 2.117 eV. If the galaxy is receding at 0.95c, what was the excited state of the electron? Hint: Look at section 1.14 on the Doppler effect in your book.
Relevant Equations
E=hc
B=V/c
Fobs=(((1-(B/C))/(1+(B/C)))^(1/2)
I found the observed frequency from the energy. Then I used the receding Doppler shift formula to find, the source frequency but after that when i tried to use the Rydberg equation I got a value for the energy level less than one. and I'm pretty sure my work is right, any help is greatly appreciated, thank you.
 
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The light you are seeing has already been Doppler shifted to lower energy. You need to "un-shift" it to find the original energy!
 
Yes, I have done this. I found the f(obs) = (5.1189*10^14)hz
and then I "un-shifted" to find the f(source)=(3.19675*10^15)hz
which gave me lambda=94nm for the source light, but when I use the Rydberg equation from there I get a nonsense answer. Sorry, but can someone check if the problem has an answer that works?

1/(94*10^-9)=(1.096*10^7)((1/(n^2))-1) n=non-sensical
 
Last edited:
The observed frequency will be less than the emitted frequency because the galaxy is receding.
 
help I have 12 hours said:
Yes, I have done this. I found the f(obs) = (5.1189*10^14)hz
and then I "un-shifted" to find the f(source)=(3.19675*10^15)hz
which gave me lambda=94nm for the source light, but when I use the Rydberg equation from there I get a nonsense answer. Sorry, but can someone check if the problem has an answer that works?

1/(94*10^-9)=(1.096*10^7)((1/(n^2))-1) n=non-sensical
Why not do the calculation in ##eV##? The ground state of hydrogen is ##-13.6eV## and the nth state has energy ##-\frac{13.6}{n^2}eV##.

And, yes, I do get a whole number answer (without converting to photon frequency or wavelength).
 
Last edited:
help I have 12 hours said:
Yes, I have done this. I found the f(obs) = (5.1189*10^14)hz
and then I "un-shifted" to find the f(source)=(3.19675*10^15)hz
So far, so good.
Now, sticking to frequency, what is the ratio of energies of the photon as generated and as seen on Earth?
What is the energy of the photon as generated?
Solve for n.
 

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