Thermodynamics First Law Problem

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on applying the First Law of Thermodynamics to a problem involving a 5 kg rock and 50 kg of water. The key states analyzed are the transition of the rock from a height of 20 m above the water to its resting position in the water, with calculations for changes in internal energy (ΔU), kinetic energy (ΔKE), potential energy (ΔPE), heat transfer (Q), and work done (W). The equations ΔE = Q - W and ΔE = ΔE(mechanical) + ΔU are central to solving the problem, emphasizing the importance of correctly identifying the system and its energy states.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of the First Law of Thermodynamics
  • Familiarity with kinetic and potential energy concepts
  • Knowledge of energy conservation principles
  • Ability to apply thermodynamic equations in problem-solving
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the application of the First Law of Thermodynamics in various systems
  • Learn how to calculate heat transfer (Q) in thermodynamic processes
  • Explore the concept of work (W) in mechanical systems
  • Review examples of energy conservation in falling objects
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Students studying thermodynamics, physics educators, and anyone interested in understanding energy transformations in mechanical systems.

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Homework Statement


Consider a rock having a mass of 5 kg and a bucket containing 50 kg of liquid water. Initially, the stone is 20 m above the water, and the stone and the water are at the same temperature, T1 (state 1). The stone then falls into the water.
For the system stone + water, determine ΔU, ΔKE, ΔPE, Q and W for the following changes of state: 1 to 2, 2 to 3, and 3 to 4, with:
(a) State 2: the stone is just about the enter the water;
(b) State 3: the stone has just come to rest in the bucket;
(c) State 4: heat has been transferred to the surroundings in such an amount that the stone and water are at the same temperature T1 (temperature of state 1).



Homework Equations


ΔE = Q - W (First Law)
ΔE = ΔE(mechanical) + ΔU
ΔE(mechanical) = ΔKE (kinetic energy) + ΔPE (potential energy)


The Attempt at a Solution



I think I am messing up when establishing my system... For example, when trying to calculate the kinetic energy of the system, it should be zero since the entire rock + water are one system and the entire system is not moving. However, the rock has kinetic energy from state 1 to state 2, so should I take that into account? Same with potential energy.

I also have no idea how to calculate Q and W other than using ΔE = Q - W. Is there another way?

Tips are appreciated!
 
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My main issue is deciding what is Q and what is W. Do I include the work done by the rock in the overall work done by the system?
 

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