Thermometer measures the amount of infra-red radiation only

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A thermometer measures infrared radiation, which correlates to temperature changes. The discussion clarifies that while infrared radiation can increase temperature, it is not the only factor affecting thermal energy; all electromagnetic waves contribute to heating effects. Mercury thermometers specifically measure temperature through the expansion of mercury in response to heat. The conversation highlights that humans perceive infrared as heat, leading to confusion about the relationship between heat and infrared radiation. Ultimately, all wavelengths of electromagnetic waves can have thermal effects, but their impact varies.
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A thermometer measures the amount of infrared radiation only, right?
so, if equivalent amount of visible light is illustrated on the bulb, the temperature for the infrared rises much more, doesn't it?
 
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That doesn't make sense to me. What do you mean by "temperature for the infra-red"? "Rises much more" than what?
 
Matter expands or contracts only when there's change of the infrared radiation level but not other electromagnetic wave, doesn't it?
 
If you are talking about ordinary Thermometers , they work on the property of mercury expansion on increase in temperature , the rise of mercury in tube gives us the degree celsius . Apart from that I cannot decipher what you mean in your question.

BJ
 
Mercury thermometers show how much a mecury column expands as it gains heat energy. Or contracts as it loses heat energy.

Any flavor of light that can be absorbed by an object adds energy to the object it "shines" on. Like a car with closed windows left in a parking lot heating with exposure to sun light.

Infa-red is light that has a wavelength a little longer than light that is visible to humans. Some animals can perceive some infa-red light with their eyes or with special organs like Jacobsen's organ in pit vipers. Humans cannot see infa-red, but we can perceive it as "heat" when it is hitting our skin. I think this is your confusion - you feel infa-red as heat, so you assume, incorrectly, that all heat is infa-red light.
 
The heating effect of electromagnetic waves decreases with decrease in wavelength and the chemical effect increases with wavelength. Thus the electromagnetic waves of all wavelengths have thermal effect, may be more or less.
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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