Tidal lock due to rotation of displaced mass

In summary, the rate of rotation of a body is slowed by tidal forces, until tidal lock is achieved. An ideal rigid body would be immune to this slowing, as the dissipation of spin angular momentum usually requires deformations. However, a perfectly rigid and symmetric object may not be affected significantly by tidal forces.
  • #1
Dmstifik8ion
206
1
As I understand it, the rate of rotation of a body is slowed as a consequence of the grater gravitational attraction on the mass displaced by tidal forces as this displacement is pulled forward by the effected bodies rotation thus acting to provide a counter rotational force until tidal lock is achieved.

If this is correct it implies that an ideal rigid body would be immune to the slowing of its rotation due to tidal forces.

Has my understanding lead me astray from the actual mechanics involved in achieving tidal lock?
 
Astronomy news on Phys.org
  • #2
For the most part you are correct.
Tidal forces, in general, can both slow down or speed up the rotation of a body. Additionally, while the tidal 'distortion' can increase the effects of tidal interactions, its the general asymmetry which is required. In practice the asymmetry is introduced by deformations/distortions, but an oblong object (like an asteroid) would still feel tidal torques even if perfectly rigid.
An important aspect, however, is dissipation---tidal locking (usually) requires the dissipation of spin angular momentum of the orbiting body, and this usually happens from deformations. Thus a perfectly rigid body, and especially a symmetric one, is generally not going to be effected much by tidal torque.
 

1. What is tidal lock due to rotation of displaced mass?

Tidal lock due to rotation of displaced mass is a phenomenon where an object in orbit becomes locked in a synchronous rotation with its parent body, meaning it rotates at the same rate as its orbital period. This is caused by the gravitational forces of the parent body acting on the object, causing a bulge on the side facing the parent body which creates a torque that aligns the object's rotation with its orbit.

2. How does tidal lock affect the object's rotation?

Tidal lock causes the object to rotate at the same rate as its orbital period, meaning one side of the object is constantly facing the parent body while the other side is in perpetual darkness. This results in a significant difference in temperature and atmospheric conditions between the two sides of the object.

3. Can tidal lock occur with any object in orbit?

Tidal lock can occur with any object in orbit, but it is more likely to occur with smaller objects orbiting larger bodies due to the difference in gravitational forces. Tidal lock has been observed in many moons in our solar system, such as the Moon orbiting Earth and Europa orbiting Jupiter.

4. How does tidal lock affect the parent body?

Tidal lock also has an effect on the parent body, causing a slight change in its rotation and orbit due to the transfer of angular momentum. This effect is more noticeable in binary systems where two objects are orbiting each other and becoming tidally locked to each other.

5. Can tidal lock be broken?

Tidal lock can be broken if there is a significant disturbance to the object's orbit or if the object's density and composition change, altering its gravitational forces. This has been observed in some moons in our solar system, such as Triton orbiting Neptune, as their orbits become more elliptical over time and they break out of tidal lock.

Similar threads

  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
Replies
7
Views
2K
  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
Replies
9
Views
3K
  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
Replies
6
Views
2K
  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
Replies
10
Views
2K
  • Classical Physics
Replies
4
Views
993
  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
Replies
3
Views
1K
Replies
3
Views
887
Replies
6
Views
6K
  • Sci-Fi Writing and World Building
Replies
12
Views
3K
  • Special and General Relativity
Replies
12
Views
196
Back
Top