Today I Learned

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Today I learned that cleaning a white hat can be done with bleach cleaner, but it’s important to rinse it before wearing it again. I also discovered that "oyster veneering," a woodworking technique from the late 1600s, is experiencing a minor revival despite its labor-intensive nature. Additionally, I learned that the factorial of 23 (23!) equals 25,852,016,738,884,976,640,000, which interestingly has 23 digits, a unique coincidence among factorials. I found out that medical specialists often spend less than 10 minutes with patients, and that watching TV can contribute to weight gain. Other insights included the fact that a kiss can transfer around 80 million microbes, and that bureaucracy can sometimes hinder employment opportunities. The discussion also touched on various trivia, such as the emotional sensitivity of barn owls and the complexities of gravitational lensing around black holes.
  • #3,501
Keith_McClary said:
And anything ending in "?".
I've heard a generalization that applies to any headline.

If a headline ends in a question mark - the answer to the question asked - is 'no'.
 
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  • #3,502
Here is a XKCD 2020 election map.
I am posting this for data visualization purposes, not political purposes!

The point is that this map shows:
  • how the people in states voted, while
  • maintaining the geographical relationships of a normal map,
  • as well as the relative proportions of the voters in each state.
Not an easy combination to achieve.

Screen Shot 2020-12-18 at 1.12.08 AM.png
 
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  • #3,503
BillTre said:
Here is a XKCD 2020 election map.
I'm often in awe of the huge amount of time and effort that Randall Munroe must have put into some of his xkcd postings.
 
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  • #3,504
I was impressed at this graph too. And admire RM for his tenaciousness.

Though I was/am at a bit of a loss as to what useful knowledge can be gleaned from this visualization.
 
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  • #3,505
DaveC426913 said:
useful knowledge
Maybe in the mouseover comment?
There are more Trump voters in California than Texas, more Biden voters in Texas than New York, more Trump voters in New York than Ohio, more Biden voters in Ohio than Massachusetts, more Trump voters in Massachusetts than Mississippi, and more Biden voters in Mississippi than Vermont.
 
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  • #3,506
DaveC426913 said:
I was impressed at this graph too. And admire RM for his tenaciousness.

Though I was/am at a bit of a loss as to what useful knowledge can be gleaned from this visualization.
What I learned with this map when I first saw it is how well-mixed are the republicans and democrats throughout the country. I'm so used to see the red-center-with-blue-borders-map that gives the impression that the USA is 3 different countries isolated from each other. Clearly, there are no real 'red' or 'blue' states as I could of imagined.
 
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  • #3,507
jack action said:
What I learned with this map when I first saw it is how well-mixed are the republicans and democrats throughout the country. I'm so used to see the red-center-with-blue-borders-map that gives the impression that the USA is 3 different countries isolated from each other. Clearly, there are no real 'red' or 'blue' states as I could of imagined.
I recall a map of the states coloured by popular vote, from the 2004 election I think. Instead of red/blue, everywhere was redder or bluer shades of purple. Can't now find it, but here is a county-level map of the 2016 election, which makes much of the same point.
 
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  • #3,508
I've been learning all about yeast. My specialty is process control with a heavy emphasis on process. As a result, I am constantly learning about processes and technologies new to me. This is perhaps the best part of what I do. From launching rockets to putting the smile on the Pepperidge Farms Goldfish, from being held hostage to being treated like royalty, I have been lucky enough to see and do many amazing things. But today my world is all about yeast. And like most everything else I learn about, sure enough, yeast is interesting!

There is nothing more rewarding than solving problems that have stumped the experts. And I can do that because I studied physics.
 
  • #3,509
TIL*: How to use Blender to render "millions" of objects like in this render I did of piles and piles of bricks:
Brick_world.png

This was just a test of the method, and could use some refinement particularly in the background and brick texturing.
The basic method is this:
Create a large number of "bricks"(500+) This can be done by duplicating a brick**, then selecting both, duplicating them... Making an array of bricks in a layer. Make duplicates of the layers stacked on top of each other with space between each layer, with a bit of random rotation and placement. Create a large plane some distance under them.

Run the physics engine, allowing the bricks to fall onto the plane creating a pile of bricks.
Put your camera directly above the pile, looking straight down and give it a square aspect ratio, making sure that only bricks are in the frame.
Render the scene and save the image.
Now you are going render the same scene, but time using something called the "mist pass". The upshot is that this produces a grayscale image that is a relief map of the bricks. Save this image.
Now you need to take both images an do some editing. Each of these imaged are going to be used in a "tiled" material (basically repeating the same image over and over). The problem with the images as they are is that you will see very distinct seams where tiles meet. Thus you need to make them "seamless". Without going into details, this means making where the tiles meet "flow" into each other. How you do this depends on what type of image editor you have.

Now, you start a new scene, create a new plane and scale it up. You create a tiled texture (with this image I went 10 x10) using your first image of bricks, which "paints" a ten by ten grid of images on your plane.
You then take the mist pass image, tile it to the same scale and use it to perform a displacement on the plane (again there are some additional steps needed to make this work that I am skipping here).
This gives you a plane with not only the image of the bricks on it, but also the bumpiness effect of the bricks being real objects.
You now add another larger scale displacement to the plane to create the "hills"
One last step:
At this point, things look okay as long as you don't get too close to the plane. If you do, it becomes quite obvious that something isn't quite kosher.
So here's how to fix that: make a new somewhat smaller plane a put it in the foreground of your scene. Sculpt it into a hill shape. Do like we did before, make a bunch of bricks and let them fall onto the 'hill". This produces a "pile" of brick objects in the foreground and helps to complete the effect.

*I actually did this yesterday, but didn't finish until quite late.
** Both the brick and the later plane have to be assigned as being "rigid bodies" in order for the the bricks to fall and interact with the plane.
 
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  • #3,510
You can have practical experience of something yet never explicitly formulate it as a generalisation. Today I learned that I knew one such but didn't know I knew it. It is called, among other names, Brandolini's principle: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandolini's_law
 
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  • #3,511
Janus said:
TIL*: How to use Blender to render "millions" of objects like in this render I did of piles and piles of bricks:
brick_world-png.png

This was just a test of the method, and could use some refinement particularly in the background and brick texturing.
Learning how to use it brick by brick? :oldbiggrin:
 
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  • #3,514
If we center our complex plane (and certainly the situation is complex) at Luxembourg City then almost all of the Belgian Luxembourg has a positive imaginary component, it's clearly not real.
 
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  • #3,515
jack action said:
I think you meant: "Luxembourg, the Belgian province, is larger than Luxembourg, the country." Because - you know - both are real. :wink:
Though one can come across differing opinions as to whether Belgium is. :angel:
 
  • #3,516
.
epenguin said:
Though one can come across differing opinions as to whether Belgium is. :angel:
Belgium is a superposition of Flanders and Wallonia. So until you make an observation ...
 
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  • #3,517
fresh_42 said:
.

Belgium is a superposition of Flanders and Wallonia. So until you make an observation ...
Langauge people, language*

* ref.-Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
 
  • #3,518
fresh_42 said:
.

Belgium is a superposition of Flanders and Wallonia. So until you make an observation ...

The observational result depends on what angle you make it from. Viewed from Flanders Luxembourg is Luxemburg. You can see this on the big overhead motorway direction signs e,g, when you leave Brussels. Actually what you can see is 'Luxemb urg' - someone has taken the trouble to go up there and remove the 'o'.
 
  • #3,519
Today I learned that Facebook will ban you temporarily if you state that your ethnicity is white.

A few friends of mine made the statement that they had white heritage, and they were banned. I stated that I was part white, part Native. No ban for me. Funny how the world works these days.
 
  • #3,520
Wonder how "Black Irish" would play out against their algorithms : it is after all a superficial genotype (ie: "race").
 
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  • #3,521
In the U.S., freight by truck is the primary influencer of diesel and viewed as a sign of the health of the wider economy. Interstate miles covered by trucks are up above 9% over last year, while traffic for all vehicles is down more than 10%, federal Department of Transportation statistics show.
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/arti...es-buffett-trains-maersk-ships-and-oil-prices
While trucking may be the mainstay of diesel demand, one of the largest U.S. buyers of the fuel -- after the Navy -- is Buffett’s BNSF Railway (~32,500 miles). It too reports surging activity.
The UP Railroad (~32,000 miles) is another big consumer of diesel fuel.

With that backdrop, large oil companies are hurting.
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/the-most-overlooked-business-story-of-2020-174801942.html
 
  • #3,522
Mondayman said:
Funny
Funny "ha ha" or funny "peculiar"?
 
  • #3,523
gmax137 said:
Funny "ha ha" or funny "peculiar"?
A bit of both. I am on Facebook and Quora, and often times comments and responses with no harm or intent will get blocked or censored, but then rude or spiteful comments go untouched.
 
  • #3,524
Mondayman said:
A bit of both. I am on Facebook and Quora, and often times comments and responses with no harm or intent will get blocked or censored, but then rude or spiteful comments go untouched.
It's AI that is doing it. It will have glitches. It was probably trained on labelled hate messages from the past. In the case you mentioned, it probably identified a pattern that is usually found in posts by white supremacists, maybe just because of how rare it would be for white non-(white supremacists) to talk or brag about identifying as being white, compared to how common it is for white supremacists to. They probably set the threshold (predicted probability) low so that very few slip through. Then they have to manually verify when complaints are made. The more false positives it gets, the better it becomes in the future, depending on how people correct it.
 
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  • #3,525
Jarvis323 said:
It's AI that is doing it.
Also, some religious beliefs are more sacred than others.
 
  • #3,526
I had to change a light bulb today and found this bulb in the fixture.
IMG_0277.JPG


Looks like a halogen bulb inside an almost typical tungstun light bulb housing.
Don't recall seeing these before.
Guess its to get halogen light from a standard fixture.
 
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  • #3,527
BillTre said:
halogen bulb inside an almost typical tungstun light bulb housing
I had to look that up:
The small glass envelope may be enclosed in a much larger outer glass bulb, which provides several advantages if small size is not required:[1]

  • the outer jacket will be at a much lower, safer, temperature, protecting objects or people that might touch it
  • the hot-running inner envelope is protected from contamination, and the bulb may be handled without damaging it
  • surroundings are protected from possible shattering of the inner capsule
  • the jacket may filter out UV radiation
  • when a halogen bulb is used to replace a normal incandescent in a fitting, the larger jacket makes it mechanically similar to the bulb replaced

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen_lamp#Safety
 
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  • #3,528
Kenya Installs the First Solar Plant That Transforms Ocean Water Into Drinking Water
One of the most active NGOs that are trying to fight for access to clean water is called Give Power and their main mission is to install solar power technology that can help the communities dealing with this issue. Their most recent success story is related to Kenya and the village named Kiunga, where they managed to install a solar-powered desalination system. This system transforms ocean water into drinkable water and can produce enough water for 35 000 people per day (around 70 thousand liters). Before Give Power, the inhabitants of Kiunga had to travel one hour each day to reach a water source, but it was one used also by animals and full of parasites. Such improvements, like Give Power’s initiative, are constantly needed as according to the World Health Organization, there are still 2.2 billion people around the world who do not have access to drinking water and 4.2 billion can’t access safely managed sanitation services.
See more at: https://www.goodshomedesign.com/ken...t-transforms-ocean-water-into-drinking-water/

The Gulf States use thermal power systems (often with co-generation) for large scale desalination, which are not necessarily practical in poorer nations.

In the US, https://www.usbr.gov/research/dwpr/reportpdfs/report144.pdf

https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/7/eaax0763
 
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  • #3,529
35 000 people per day...

That's likely 35,000 people-days per day. i.e. water at a rate sufficient to support 35,000 people indefinitely. Units matter.
 
  • #3,530
Reducing T&D Losses Allows Faster Retirement of Fossil Plants
Table 6.3 summarizes average transmission and distribution losses by country of the world in 2014. The losses range from 2 percent in Singapore to 72.5 percent in Togo. Fifty-four percent of the countries have T&D losses 10 percent or higher. Losses in some large countries and regions are as follows: China (4 percent), the United States (5.9), the European Union (6.4), the Russian Federation (10), Brazil (15.8), and India (19.4). The world average is 8.3 percent (World Bank). An independent analysis suggests that total transmission and distribution losses in the U.S. between 2012 and 2016 were similarly about 5 percent of electricity generation (EIA, 2018e).
:oops:

https://web.stanford.edu/group/efmh/jacobson/Articles/I/TransmisDistrib.pdf
 
  • #3,532
jbriggs444 said:
35 000 people per day...

That's likely 35,000 people-days per day. i.e. water at a rate sufficient to support 35,000 people indefinitely. Units matter.
"each day" would have worked. Or of course "".
 
  • #3,533
https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/12/covid-19-sleep-pandemic-zzzz/617454/
Interesting piece on melatonin, sleep, and COVID:

After he published his research, though, Cheng heard from scientists around the world who thought there might be something to it. They noted that, in addition to melatonin’s well-known effects on sleep, it plays a part in calibrating the immune system. Essentially, it acts as a moderator to help keep our self-protective responses from going haywire—which happens to be the basic problem that can quickly turn a mild case of COVID-19 into a life-threatening scenario.

Cheng decided to dig deeper. For months, he and colleagues pieced together the data from thousands of patients who were seen at his medical center. In results published last month, melatonin continued to stand out. People taking it had significantly lower odds of developing COVID-19, much less dying of it. Other researchers noticed similar patterns. In October, a study at Columbia University found that intubated patients had better rates of survival if they received melatonin. When President Donald Trump was flown to Walter Reed National Military Medical Center for COVID-19 treatment, his doctors prescribed—in addition to a plethora of other experimental therapies—melatonin.

Eight clinical trials are currently ongoing, around the world, to see if these melatonin correlations bear out. Few other treatments are receiving so much research attention. If melatonin actually proves to help people, it would be the cheapest and most readily accessible medicine to counter COVID-19. Unlike experimental drugs such as remdesivir and antibody cocktails, melatonin is widely available in the United States as an over-the-counter dietary supplement. People could start taking it immediately.
 
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  • #3,534
For the record, the equation gives you energy expenditure (EE) in watts per kilogram of body mass, as a function of walking speed (S) in meters per second and gradient (G) in percent:

EE = 1.44 + 1.94*S^0.43 + 0.24*S^4 + 0.34*S*G*(1-1.05^(1-1.11^(G+32)))
https://www.outsideonline.com/2394938/how-many-calories-burned-hiking

I will have to test this. I also need such an equation for cycling.
 
  • #3,535
For a gradient of zero this leads to a minimal energy expenditure per distance at a speed of 1.4 m/s = 5.0 km/h. That minimum is 3.3 J/(kg m), suggesting an effective "friction" coefficient of 0.34.
 
  • #3,537
jack action said:
22,000km in 587×8 hour days works out at 4.7kph, close to mfb's optimal figure. Borrowing that result, apparently a 70kg person would expend in excess of 5GJ, even assuming (unrealistically) that the entire route is flat.
 
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  • #3,538
Of course you can walk longer in many different ways. It's the longest path that doesn't come with a shorter connection between start and end.

You are unlikely to experience a hurricane on that path, I think.
 
  • #3,539
jack action said:
The longest walkable road [...]
So,... how many people have actually walked it without being robbed, kidnapped for ransom, raped, imprisoned, beaten almost to death, dehydrated, frost-bitten, etc, etc,...? It looks like a seriously dangerous journey.

But anyway, as a consequence of your post,... TIL about the Suez Canal Bridge. :oldsmile:
 
  • #3,540
strangerep said:
So,... how many people have actually walked it without being robbed, kidnapped for ransom, raped, imprisoned, beaten almost to death, dehydrated, frost-bitten, etc, etc,...?

And that's just in the first four blocks!
 
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  • #3,541
strangerep said:
So,... how many people have actually walked it without being robbed, kidnapped for ransom, raped, imprisoned, beaten almost to death, dehydrated, frost-bitten, etc, etc,...? It looks like a seriously dangerous journey.
The second half has actually been done, even though in the other direction.
'As far as your feet can carry' is a novel by Josef Martin Bauer (1901–1970), first published in 1955, about a German prisoner of war who escaped from an East Siberian prison camp in 1949 after World War II and embarked on an adventurous escape home. ...
The novel is based on the experience report of a former Wehrmacht member and prisoner of war, whose identity the author Josef Martin Bauer kept secret according to the contract.
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/So_weit_die_Füße_tragen
 
  • #3,542
strangerep said:
So,... how many people have actually walked it without being robbed, kidnapped for ransom, raped, imprisoned, beaten almost to death, dehydrated, frost-bitten, etc, etc,...? It looks like a seriously dangerous journey.
Start from Magadan:
22.jpg

Siberian Times
 
  • #3,543
One does not simply walk
from Cape Town to Magadan.

I can imagine some problems in DRC (unless one is traversing the east side of Lake Tanganyika through Tanzania, then Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda, which have their own set of problems), S. Sudan and Sudan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey (because of Syria), Azerbaijan, Abkhazia. After those places, Russia will be a piece of cake.
 
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  • #3,544
Keith_McClary said:
Start from Magadan: [...] Siberian Times
Ah yes -- I forgot about "being eaten".
 
  • #3,545
Astronuc said:
[...] After those places, Russia will be a piece of cake.
This made me think... anyone who sings: "...and I think to myself, what a wonderful world", has clearly not visited very much of it.

Now I'm wondering how far one could theoretically walk in Americas?
Say from Prudhoe Bay to San Isidro Lighthouse?
 
  • #3,546
strangerep said:
Say from Prudhoe Bay to San Isidro Lighthouse?
It seems there are no walkable roads crossing the Panama-Colombia border. The most southern city would be Yaviza, Panama, "only" 11969 km from Prudhoe Bay. And Google gives an itinerary by car, but not by foot. Which would mean that some roads are highways that are not "walkable".

Assuming you "jump" to Apartado, Colombia (~ 125 km apart), you will have 9955 km of walkable roads to reach San Isidro Lighthouse; For a grand total of 22049 km.
 
  • #3,547
strangerep said:
Say from Prudhoe Bay to San Isidro Lighthouse?
From Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, one would walk highway 11 to Livengood, Alaska, then highway 2 to Fairbanks. However, one could start further north in Point Barrow, and one would have to walk across the tundra (no roads) southeast until one finds highway 11, maybe cutting through the mountains (Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve) at Anaktuvuk Pass. One has to follow the river valleys - and not get eaten by a black or brown bear.
https://www.nps.gov/gaar/planyourvisit/bearsafety.htm
IF IT IS A BROWN BEAR, PLAY DEAD:
  • Lie face down with your hands clasped behind your neck and legs spread apart so the bear can’t turn you over.
  • Do not move until the bear leaves the area. If the attack is prolonged and the brown bear begins to feed on you, fight back vigorously! The encounter has now likely changed from a defensive one to a predatory one.
IF IT IS A BLACK BEAR, DO NOT PLAY DEAD:
  • Fight back vigorously!
  • NEVER PLAY DEAD WITH A BLACK BEAR! Most black bear attacks are predatory.
  • FIGHT ANY BEAR THAT ATTEMPTS TO ENTER YOUR TENT! If an unprovoked aggressive attack occurs (if you are sleeping in your tent and you feel a bear scratching or biting through your tent) you should fight back!
 
  • #3,549
The Panama/Colombia border region is known as Darién Gap. It's possible to walk through it, but it's not very advisable. Some people managed to get through, some people disappeared trying...
 
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  • #3,550
mfb said:
The Panama/Colombia border region is known as Darién Gap. It's possible to walk through it, but it's not very advisable. Some people managed to get through, some people disappeared trying...
That Wikipedia page is surprisingly entertaining. Seriously, Chevy Corvairs?
 
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