Total energy and power of electromagnetic fields

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on solving a physics problem involving a charging capacitor formed by a fat wire carrying a constant current I and a narrow gap. The electric field is defined as E = (It)/(πa²ε₀)ẑ, and the magnetic field as B = (μ₀Is)/(πa²)φ̂. The energy density is given by uₑₘ = (I²μ₀)/(8π²a⁴)[4c²t² + s²], and the Poynting vector is S = -(I²ts)/(2ε₀π²a⁴)ŝ. The total energy in the gap was ultimately determined by integrating the energy density over the volume, correcting for the cylindrical coordinates, and recognizing that the gap length w was crucial in the calculations.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of electromagnetic fields, specifically electric and magnetic fields.
  • Familiarity with energy density concepts in electromagnetism.
  • Knowledge of the Poynting vector and its significance in energy flow.
  • Proficiency in calculus, particularly in performing volume integrals in cylindrical coordinates.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation and applications of the Poynting vector in electromagnetic theory.
  • Learn about energy density calculations in electromagnetic fields, focusing on integration techniques.
  • Explore cylindrical coordinate systems and their applications in electromagnetism.
  • Investigate the relationship between electric and magnetic fields in dynamic systems, particularly in capacitors and inductors.
USEFUL FOR

Students of physics, particularly those studying electromagnetism, electrical engineers, and anyone involved in solving complex capacitor-related problems in theoretical and applied physics.

RawrSpoon
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Homework Statement


Consider the charging capacitor in problem 7.34
(A fat wire, radius a, carries a constant current I, uniformly distributed over its cross section. A narrow gap of wire, of width w, w<<a, forms a parallel-plate capacitor)
a) Find the electric and magnetic fields in the gap, as functions of the distance s from the axis and the time t (Assume the charge is zero at t=0)
b) Find the energy density uem and the Poynting vector S in the gap.
c) Determine the total energy in the gap, as a function of time. Calculate the total power flowing into the gap by integrating the Poynting vector over the appropriate surface. Check that the power input is equal to the rate of increase of energy in the gap.

Homework Equations


I've solved a and b, the electric field is
E= \frac{It}{\pi a^2 \epsilon_0}\hat{z}
the magnetic field is
B= \frac{\mu_0 I s}{\pi a^2}\hat{\phi}
the energy density is
u_{em}= \frac{I^2 \mu_0}{8 \pi^2 a^4}[4c^2t^2+s^2]
the Poynting vector is
S= -\frac{I^2 t s}{2 \epsilon_0 \pi^2 a^4 }\hat{s}

However, I don't know how to solve c. How would I find the total energy?

The Attempt at a Solution


First I figured I could solve this via an addition of work done for each magnetic and electric fields
W_{total}=\frac{\epsilon_0}{2}\int E^2 d\tau + \frac{1}{2 \mu_0}\int B^2 d\tau
However, this didn't give me a solution in the solutions manual.

I then figured that since the energy density uem is the energy per unit volume, I could integrate via
U_{em}=\int u_{em} d\tau

Alternatively, as the Poynting vector is the energy per unit time, per unit area, I figure maybe I could integrate twice, once as a surface integral and the other with respect to time?

I'm kind of lost, because while I've done just fine without the solutions manual, my attempt at the work haven't been fruitful. Additionally, the solutions manual states the solution is
U_{em}=\frac{\mu_0 w I^2 b^2}{2 \pi a^4}[(ct)^2+\frac{b^2}{8}]
in which I have no idea what w is supposed to represent.

I'd greatly appreciate it if anyone could point me in the right direction!
 
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Nevermind, I solved it after all! I used my original method by finding the sum of the two components of work and realized that the volume element in cylindrical coordinates is s ds d\phi dz so I solved the integrals that way, which gave me a variation of the solution. I had completely forgotten that w was the length of the gap, and when evaluating the integrals I realized that the z component is from 0 to w, which is why the answer made sense.

The power was simple after that.

Nevertheless, hopefully this post will help anyone stuck on this problem anyway :P
 

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