Unbanked Curve increasing speed

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A race car on a flat, unbanked circular track increases speed due to energy conversion from fuel to mechanical energy. While options B and D relate to changes in direction and velocity, they do not directly contribute to an increase in speed. The key factor for speed increase is that a force must act in the same direction as the car's motion. The discussion emphasizes the importance of understanding the distinction between speed and velocity. Ultimately, the car's acceleration is influenced by the frictional force that propels it forward.
Jake Wright
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Homework Statement



A race car going around a flat, unbanked circular track gradually increases speed as it
completes one full trip around the track. Which of the following can explain why the car gains
speed?
(A)
Energy stored in the fuel is converted to mechanical energy.
(B)
A component of the frictional force exerted by the ground on the tires is directed toward
the center of the circle.
(C)
A component of the frictional force exerted by the ground on the tires is in the direction of
motion.
(D)
The car’s velocity and acceleration are perpendicular.

2. Homework Equations


(This is multiple correct so multiple answers may be correct)
Just common sense

The Attempt at a Solution



So A is very obvious, but I'm not sure what else is correct because A is not the only one that's correct.
 
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Note that they use the word speed rather than velocity, and velocity is speed with a direction. Some of B,C,D are about changes in direction and hence affect velocity but not speed. To increase the speed of an object it needs to be pushed in the same direction as it is already moving. Think about Newton's third law of motion and what a car pushes on (that's not part of the car) to make itself go faster.
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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