The equation is linear in x and y, so the equation is of a line. Since the problem asks for g(y), I interpret this to mean that it asks you to solve for x in terms of (as a function of) y. Collect all of the terms involving x on one side, and all of the terms involving y on the other side.
After working this problem, I don't get any of the answers you show, which leads me to believe that you have not given us the problem as it appears in your book.
You wrote
(y-x/6) - (3x-y/9) = 4 - (x+2y/4) + (x+4y/12)
Most of the people in this forum interpret the expression in the first pair of parentheses as
[tex]y - \frac{x}{6}[/tex]
and similarly for the other parenthesized expressions.
Does this expression appear in your text in this way:
[tex]\frac{y - x}{6}[/tex]
?
These are not the same. If you don't know how to use LaTeX, you need to put parentheses in the right places. For example, the expression just above should be written as (y - x)/6. The same goes for all of the other expressions in parentheses.