Understanding Homotopies and Degree Invariance in Topology

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the homotopy defined by h:S^1 × I → S^1, where h(s,t) = s^t, illustrating a homotopy from the constant map 1 to the identity function on S^1. The participants clarify that while degree is homotopy invariant, the degrees of the constant map and the identity function differ, with deg(1) = 0 and deg(id) = 1. The confusion arises from the continuity of the map, particularly when t is not equal to 0 or 1, leading to a breakdown in the homotopy. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of recognizing the continuity conditions for the homotopy to hold.

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  • Understanding of homotopy theory
  • Familiarity with topological spaces, specifically S^1 (the unit circle)
  • Knowledge of degree theory in topology
  • Basic concepts of continuity in mathematical functions
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Consider [itex]h:S^1 \times I \to S^1[/itex] defined by [itex]h(s,t) = s^t[/itex]. This is a homotopy from the constant map 1 to the identity function on [itex]S^1[/itex]. On the other hand, it's easy to show that degree is homotopy invariant. However, we have [itex]\mathrm{deg}(1) = 0[/itex] while [itex]\mathrm{deg}(id) = 1[/itex]. Clearly, I've got something mixed up with how I'm thinking about homotopies. Can anybody shed some light on my error?
 
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The map st is not continuous for t not equal to zero or 1. For example when you're taking t=-1/2, then numbers that look like .9999-.0001i get mapped near -1 and 1 gets mapped to 1.

To visualize this, as t goes from one to zero the image of the map st is smaller and smaller arcs of the circle. Right at the start the first thing you do is break the circle in order to make a non-full arc - this is where the homotopy is broken
 
Aw, I see what I messed up. I figured that [itex]h[/itex] was continuous, but you're right that it's clearly not. Thanks!
 

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