Understanding Lorentz Invariants and Momentum for My Exam Tomorrow

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on evaluating the Lorentz invariant \( P^2 \) and differentiating it to prove a specific equality involving 4-momentum and 4-velocity. The established result is that \( E^2 - p^2 c^2 = m^2 c^4 \) holds true, and differentiating \( P^2 \) with respect to time leads to the conclusion that \( \vec{u} \cdot \frac{d}{dt}\left(\frac{m_{0}\vec{u}}{\sqrt{1-u^2/c^2}}\right) = m_{0}c^2\frac{d}{dt}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-u^2/c^2}}\right) \). The derivative of \( P^2 \) yields zero since \( m^2 c^4 \) is a constant, confirming the relationship between energy and momentum in relativistic physics.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of 4-momentum and 4-velocity in special relativity
  • Familiarity with Lorentz invariance and its mathematical implications
  • Knowledge of differentiation techniques in physics
  • Concept of relativistic energy-momentum relation
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the Lorentz invariant \( P^2 \) in detail
  • Learn about the implications of the energy-momentum relation \( E^2 - p^2 c^2 = m^2 c^4 \)
  • Explore the concept of gamma factor \( \gamma \) in relativistic mechanics
  • Investigate the application of differentiation in relativistic equations of motion
USEFUL FOR

Students preparing for exams in physics, particularly those focusing on special relativity, as well as educators and researchers in theoretical physics seeking to deepen their understanding of momentum and energy relationships in relativistic contexts.

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Homework Statement


Let P be the 4 momentum
u be the 4 velocity
a) Evaluate the Lorentz invariant [itex]P^2[/itex]
b)Differentiate [itex]P^2=P_{\mu}P_{\mu}[/itex] and show that
[tex]\vec{u}\cdot\frac{d}{dt}\left(\frac{m_{0}\vec{u}}{\sqrt{1-u^2/c^2}}\right)=m_{0}c^2\frac{d}{dt}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-u^2/c^2}}\right)[/tex]

2. The attempt at a solution

The first part yields an answer of [tex]E^2 -p^2 c^2=m^2 c^4[/tex]

Now for part b. Does the P^2 have anything to do with the equality that needs to be proven? Do i need to differentiate P^2 with respect to time? Do i have to differentiate
[tex]E^2 -p^2 c^2=m^2 c^4[/tex] with respect to time?

Please help!

Thanks
 
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stunner5000pt said:

Homework Statement


Let P be the 4 momentum
u be the 4 velocity
a) Evaluate the Lorentz invariant [itex]P^2[/itex]
b)Differentiate [itex]P^2=P_{\mu}P_{\mu}[/itex] and show that
[tex]\vec{u}\cdot\frac{d}{dt}\left(\frac{m_{0}\vec{u}}{\sqrt{1-u^2/c^2}}\right)=m_{0}c^2\frac{d}{dt}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-u^2/c^2}}\right)[/tex]

2. The attempt at a solution

The first part yields an answer of [tex]E^2 -p^2 c^2=m^2 c^4[/tex]

Now for part b. Does the P^2 have anything to do with the equality that needs to be proven? Do i need to differentiate P^2 with respect to time? Do i have to differentiate
[tex]E^2 -p^2 c^2=m^2 c^4[/tex] with respect to time?

Please help!

Thanks

Yes, differentiate with respect to time. The derivative of P^2 obviously gives zero since m^2 c^4 is constant.

Now, write P^2 = E^2 - p dot p c^2

(my small p is the three momentum and dot is the dot product

so d/dt(P^2) = 2 E dE/dt - 2 c^2 p dot dp/dt

This must be zero. Now write E= gamma mc^2 and p = gamma m u where u is the ordinary three velocity
 

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