Understanding Metric Tensor: Time & Spatial Coordinates and Indices

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the properties and implications of the metric tensor, particularly in the context of time and spatial coordinates, as well as the use of upper and lower indices in tensor notation. Participants explore theoretical aspects, conceptual clarifications, and mathematical reasoning related to these topics.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes the use of the metric tensor g=diagonal(1,-1,-1,-1) and questions why the time coordinate is oriented oppositely to spatial coordinates.
  • Another participant explains that this orientation allows for "null distances" corresponding to the paths of light rays, indicating that while this definition is common in General Relativity, it is not strictly necessary.
  • A participant raises a question about the relationship between upper and lower indices, suggesting they may represent dual spaces and inquiring about the necessity of raising indices in Classical field theory.
  • It is mentioned that the "indefinite metric" allows for the invariant combination t^2-x^2-y^2-z^2 under Lorentz transformations, which is linked to the use of upper and lower indices.
  • Further clarification is provided that upper indexed components represent vectors in a basis, while lower indexed components represent dual vectors in a dual basis, and that the metric tensor facilitates the mapping between these components.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying levels of understanding and agreement on the implications of the metric tensor and the use of indices. Some concepts are clarified, but no consensus is reached on the necessity or implications of these definitions and operations.

Contextual Notes

Participants express uncertainty regarding the movement of indices and the broader implications of the metric tensor's definition. The discussion includes assumptions about the nature of indices and their roles in different contexts, which remain unresolved.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to students and practitioners in physics, particularly those studying General Relativity, tensor calculus, and Classical field theory.

nolanp2
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in my fields course we are using the metric tensor g=diagonal(1,-1,-1,-1), off diagonal(0)
i'm looking for an explanation of why the time coordinate has to be orientated oppositely to the spatial coordinates. can anyone give me an explanation of this?

i'm also lost with upper and lower indices. i don't understand why multiplying a lower index by the metric tensor gives an upper index.

any help appreciated, thanks
 
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The simple answer is that by defining the metric tensor that way, there are "null distances" of length zero which correspond to path that light rays travel. It does not *have* to be defined that way, but in the General Theory of Relativity, it can be defined that way.

The upper and lower indices are more subtle- they are not, in general, movable. Upper indices correspond to vectors, lower indices correspond to forms. If a metric tensor can be defined on a generic geometry, then it is possible to move them up and down.

Misner, Thorne, and Wheeler's book "Gravitation" is an excellent way to get started understanding this stuff.
 
so the upper and lower indices are like dual spaces? what advantage is there to raising indices, why is it necessary that they be used in Classical field theory?
 
The basic reason for the "indefinite metric", with time having the opposite sign from space, is that the combination t^2-x^2-y^2-z^2 is an invariant under Lorentz transformation.
The two types of indices, upper and lower, is a relatively simple way to incorporate this.
 
nolanp2 said:
so the upper and lower indices are like dual spaces? what advantage is there to raising indices, why is it necessary that they be used in Classical field theory?

Yes the upper indexed components are the components of some vector in some basis. The lower indexed components are the components of it's dual vector in some dual basis.

The metric tensor maps a vector to it's dual.

Index gymnastics is just a way in that the relationship between tensors refelcts the relationship between their components in different bases.
 

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