The discussion focuses on the formula E=hν, which represents the energy of a photon, and its derivation from established principles. It emphasizes that this relationship is not merely an axiom but has been empirically verified. The conversation also touches on De Broglie's equations relating momentum and wavelength, leading to the conclusion that for photons, energy can be expressed as E=pc due to their zero rest mass. The general relationship for relativistic particles is highlighted as E = √((pc)² + (mc²)²), reinforcing the connection between energy, momentum, and mass. Overall, the thread clarifies the foundational understanding of photon energy in physics.