Understanding Virtual Particles: Excitations of Quantum Fields

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Virtual particles are temporary excitations of quantum fields, distinct from "real particles," which are more stable excitations. The discussion highlights that forces in quantum mechanics relate to energy and momentum rather than traditional force concepts. It emphasizes that fields, like the electromagnetic field, cannot have a definite zero value due to the uncertainty principle, leading to fluctuations even in a vacuum. The uncertainty principle applies to fields, indicating that the value of a field and its time rate of change cannot both be precisely known. Overall, the conversation explores the complex relationship between quantum fields, particles, and the nature of forces in quantum mechanics.
  • #31
I disagree with Marcus and you, if there were no fields all the phenomena that physics have "seen" so far in the experiments would never be possible in the first place.

Two things wrong with this statement: First, Neither Marcus nor I said 'fields don't exist'. Second, there is no proof that 'fields' are the only way to construct theoretical models. As an example, general relativity is not a field theory, but rather rather a geometrical theory. We use field theory because it provides really good predictions...see below.

In QM the Schrodinger wave equation describes the continuous time evolution of a system's wave function and is deterministic. However, the relationship between a system's wave function and the observable properties of the system appear to be non-deterministic. An early viewed detection involved 'collapse of the wavefunction' upon detection, a more modern perspective newer view is 'decoherence'. There are subtleties between the two that have been at least partially dissected in these forums.

I'm guessing you did not read the link I posted previously to WHAT IS A PARTICLE. If you read that extensive discussion, you will begin to understand how complex and subtle the definition and detection of quantum fields is...in fact one can not directly detect them. One detects 'particles', the local observable quanta.

How that compares with the magazine article mentioned in this discussion, "Getting Around the Uncertainty Principle..", will be difficult to tell because even the title of the article is silly. The language seems pop science rather than science, but maybe there IS something unique and different in their work. If so, it should appear in peer reviewed scientific journals.

MPV's post is correct:

Heisenberg uncertainty is not saying that you cannot know the non-commuting quantities simultaneously. The uncertainty is only defining the statistical features of repeatedly measured values. But during one measurement you can measure both non-commuting quantities to arbitrary precision simultaneously.

HUP says nothing about making two concurrent measurements, it addresses similarly prepared systems and the statistical distribution of the resulting measurements.


Here are two other posts from the WHAT IS A PARTICLE discussion which I believe are accurate: [slightly edited by me]


Meopemuk:
According to scientific method we are not allowed to speculate about things that cannot be registered/observed/verified. If we do use such unobservable things (e.g., wave functions, quantum fields, etc) in our formalism we should keep in mind that these are mathematical tools unrelated to the physical world……

Stoer:
But with the concept of particles alone you are not able to calculate anything beyond classical physics: No quantum mechanics, no atoms, no spectra, no nuclei, no nucleons, no quarks, ... they all rely on unmeasurable concepts like wave functions, field operators, Hilbert spaces, etc. You can't register them, but have to live with them if you want to do physics. And these formalisms (which you can't measure) produce results in nearly perfect agreement with measurements. So you can't avoid the conclusion that this ‘unrealistic’ formalism describes nature.
 
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  • #32
Naty1 said:
Two things wrong with this statement: First, Neither Marcus nor I said 'fields don't exist'. Second, there is no proof that 'fields' are the only way to construct theoretical models. As an example, general relativity is not a field theory, but rather rather a geometrical theory. We use field theory because it provides really good predictions...see below.

In QM the Schrodinger wave equation describes the continuous time evolution of a system's wave function and is deterministic. However, the relationship between a system's wave function and the observable properties of the system appear to be non-deterministic. An early viewed detection involved 'collapse of the wavefunction' upon detection, a more modern perspective newer view is 'decoherence'. There are subtleties between the two that have been at least partially dissected in these forums.

I'm guessing you did not read the link I posted previously to WHAT IS A PARTICLE. If you read that extensive discussion, you will begin to understand how complex and subtle the definition and detection of quantum fields is...in fact one can not directly detect them. One detects 'particles', the local observable quanta.

Than going by your critics, gravity does not exist either because none can detect it, only its effects on surrounding environment/space, Earth electromagnetic field does not exist because none can actually detect it, because you only see/detect its effects, not the electromagnetic field/energy itself!
There is obviously something wrong with this reasoning, because there no doubt there is gravity there, there is no doubt that there are electromagnetic fields including Earth's own EM field (EM=electromagnetic).
Even when you have electrically neutral atoms, there is still energy and electromagnetic energy (and force).
Even our bodies have EM fields, everything basically, and gravity is the reason

Let's have one example: Gravity affects space-that alone directly 100% proves that space alone is not truly empty, something that is truly empty cannot be affected by anything, let alone gravity.
Which means every point of space is full of energy of course, this is only visible/detectable/measurable from sub-atomic level to below that level, the point here there is no such thing a s absolute nothingness (there is always something) and the fact you have space-space itself is something, not nothing, nothing means nothing!
Completely empty space would not be able to create/destroy anything in the first place, because it is completely empty-no energy no nothing, there would be no fuel/energy to start the process and to start activity and to start doing any kind of work in the first place-so no there is no such thing as completely empty space as well as there is no such thing as absolute nothingness!
You always have to have space and energy to start with in the first place.

I'm actually sure that when Lawrence Krauss said that universe came from nothing, he meant universe came from quantum fluctuations (again this is not nothing), and quantum fluctuations did not come from nothing as shown in popular books from Hawking, Greene and similar physicists, the very fact quantum fluctuations (includes virtual particles/anti-particles) are created and annihilated proves they did not come from nothing/nothingness, but from some energy or energy field (even if the quantum field theory is somehow wrong).

The same reason why the Big Bang did not come from nothing:
I took this from another forum:
"It's important to distinguish the philosophical definition of nothing from the scientific definition of nothing. Empirically, nothing means you are talking about non-existence. The quantum vacuum/quantum void is devoid of particles but is a physical object that still has energy, pressure, and also exist in different energy states. The philosophical definition of nothing is a universal negation. This negation includes logic, universal laws, and ideas as well. This means that nothing (philosophically) would include the negation of even the ontology of a quantum vacuum/quantum void.
When Krauss talks about nothing he is speaking empirically about very specific objects non-existence in a space and is not truly talking about nothing.

We don't know and we can't know. There essentially was no "before" the Big Bang as far as we are concerned. Obviously we are concerned about it, because we can speculate and imagine, but that is about all we can do.

As for the universe coming from "nothing" that isn't true in a literal sense. There is absolutely no such thing as "nothing" to begin with. The "the universe came from nothing" stuff is glossing over the details to convey that the time and space we know began with the Big Bang, and other time and other space that existed before the Big Bang that created our universe, that is not part of our universe and is not really operable from within it. Meaning time and space before the Big Bang, it is classified as nothing to us, but it's not literally nothing, because this time and space before the Big Bang is simply, just unknown to us forever.


How that compares with the magazine article mentioned in this discussion, "Getting Around the Uncertainty Principle..", will be difficult to tell because even the title of the article is silly. The language seems pop science rather than science, but maybe there IS something unique and different in their work. If so, it should appear in peer reviewed scientific journals.

As far as I know, Scientific American is serious, scientific magazine, and you do know that every time an article is published in any scientific magazine is peer-reviewed, so Scientific American is trustworthy, however, everyone need to read deep every word in it I bet you'll see that's not what they are saying (the same thing with the temperature with absolute zero thing-which was not really below absolute zero at all).

MPV's post is correct:
HUP says nothing about making two concurrent measurements, it addresses similarly prepared systems and the statistical distribution of the resulting measurements. Here are two other posts from the WHAT IS A PARTICLE discussion which I believe are accurate: [slightly edited by me]Meopemuk:

Stoer:

Ok, big thanks for this, but all I'm saying you can't have nothing, you'll always have some kind of undetectable energy or energy field (and that requires space to exist in the first place because, everything requires and actually has diameter, size and volume to exist/that exists in the first place, no matter how big and how small/tiny something is) as described above, that's all.

However, Casimir's effect irrefutably proved there is no such thing as completely empty space no matter what size does it have.
Cheers and big thanks for this explanation and for the posts that Meopemuk and Stoer posted and explained regarding fields and other hypothetical terms in physics.
That's all, big thanks again.
 
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  • #33
No-where-man said:
I disagree with Marcus and you, if there were no fields all the phenomena that physics have "seen" so far in the experiments would never be possible in the first place.
If you talk about interaction, no interaction would be possible if these quantum fields did not exist in the first place, because can't interact with the empty void/nothingness.

Interaction would never be possible if fields, regardless if we're watching them or not, did not exist in the first place!
Quantum fields are more than just pure models, they are experimentally, irrefutably proven.


The concept of the field is just a way to predict and explain how our universe works. It's possible I could come up with a way to explain all observable effects using invisible fairies. How would you know which theory is right? The fairies, or the fields?

You don't. You can't. It isn't possible if both explain observations equally well.
So no, you don't know if fields exist or not. You can't know. It isn't possible.

Nothing is 100% proven. Nothing is irrefutable. Ever. Remember that.
 
  • #34
no where man...

a good portion of your post #32 is incorrect and strays from the OP's question.
If you'd like to discuss all those issues, try a separate post.
 
  • #35
Drakkith said:
The concept of the field is just a way to predict and explain how our universe works. It's possible I could come up with a way to explain all observable effects using invisible fairies. How would you know which theory is right? The fairies, or the fields?




For obvious reasons, your 'model' can not make a correct prediction and this is kind of important in physics :-p

Otherwise, I agree with your philosophical considerations, be it that they are somewhat too strong for my taste.
 
  • #36
Maui said:
For obvious reasons, your 'model' can not make a correct prediction and this is kind of important in physics :-p

But you haven't even seen all the nifty graphs I made!
 
  • #37
Drakkith said:
The concept of the field is just a way to predict and explain how our universe works. It's possible I could come up with a way to explain all observable effects using invisible fairies. How would you know which theory is right? The fairies, or the fields?

You don't. You can't. It isn't possible if both explain observations equally well.
So no, you don't know if fields exist or not. You can't know. It isn't possible.

Nothing is 100% proven. Nothing is irrefutable. Ever. Remember that.

Like I said, all I'm saying that you can't have nothing, there is always something some energy.
Well, you can't say nothing is ever proven, energy is proven for example.
Earth's electromagnetic field does exist, and it is 100% proven, for example. So fields do exist (you can make your own electromagnetic field as well, entropy is proven, there are plenty of things in science 100% proven, however there are a lot of things and concepts in science that could never be 100% proven.
Gravity is 100% proven as well.
However, when it comes to quantum fields, than things get harder to understand, but like physicists always there is no such thing as absolute nothingness and you can't have anything without energy and work (which is a form of energy).
 
  • #38
Naty1 said:
no where man...

a good portion of your post #32 is incorrect and strays from the OP's question.
If you'd like to discuss all those issues, try a separate post.

I don't see, how is it false, if it's based on facts.
 
  • #39
No-where-man said:
Like I said, all I'm saying that you can't have nothing, there is always something some energy.

As far as we know. This is not guaranteed.

Well, you can't say nothing is ever proven, energy is proven for example.

Is it? What exactly do you mean by "energy is proven"?

Earth's electromagnetic field does exist, and it is 100% proven, for example.

Again, what do you mean by saying it is 100% proven? All we know is that our measuring instruments act in certain ways that we attribute to something we call an electromagnetic field. What if in the future a new theory comes about that completely does away the concept of the traditional EM field? You can't claim that it's 100% proven if that happens.

Gravity is 100% proven as well.

Statements such as "X is 100% proven" mean very little. If you mean that it is 100% proven that something appears to hold us to the Earth and cause matter to attract all other matter, then sure. But that's not science. That's just observing that something's going on without trying to figure out how it works. The explanation, which is what we are talking about when we talk about science, is never 100% proven. And that's what a field is. It's a way of explaining and figuring out how our universe works. We believe it exists because we have no better way of explaining our observations.
 
  • #40
Drakkith said:
As far as we know. This is not guaranteed.

Yes, it is. Because nothing means nothing, fro example; what is your debt nothing-nothing in this case means non-existence of your debt, meaning in general nothing is non-existence, you can't create something that exists from something that does not exist-this is the basic rule.

Is it? What exactly do you mean by "energy is proven"?

I'm not sure it's smart to continue, especially for me, since when exactly the post is becoming trolling?
I will answer you this question, for example you eat food, you will have energy when you eat food, energy is tangible and physical, if it wasn't, you'd die from the food, if food does not contain energy, actually for every single process, universe or not, you need energy.
Sure we call this energy, but it's crucial for the existence of the universe and it's crucial for our own existence and survival, as well.

Again, what do you mean by saying it is 100% proven? All we know is that our measuring instruments act in certain ways that we attribute to something we call an electromagnetic field. What if in the future a new theory comes about that completely does away the concept of the traditional EM field? You can't claim that it's 100% proven if that happens.

So, if there is no such EM field around the Earth, it means radiation will kill we like it or not, the fact this field protects us, Aurora borealis and Aurora australis prove this.

Statements such as "X is 100% proven" mean very little. If you mean that it is 100% proven that something appears to hold us to the Earth and cause matter to attract all other matter, then sure. But that's not science. That's just observing that something's going on without trying to figure out how it works. The explanation, which is what we are talking about when we talk about science, is never 100% proven. And that's what a field is. It's a way of explaining and figuring out how our universe works. We believe it exists because we have no better way of explaining our observations.

Fair enough, but you call it gravity and gravitational field and its effects here on Earth are real.
But I can't pass that everything that is explained in science is not 100% proven, there is a lost of things/phenomenons in science 100% proven, the way they work and their effects on their surrounding environments/space, as well as proven, however there are many more things/phenomenons in science that are never proven 100%.

If at least one part of the hypothesis or theory works (and it's scientifically proven every single moment/time) in reality exactly in the way reality works, than there is nothing else to prove, than this part of hypothesis or theory is 100% proven.
That's what I'm trying to say, and I think that's a fair statement.
Cheers.
 
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  • #41
No-where-man said:
Yes, it is. Because nothing means nothing, fro example; what is your debt nothing-nothing in this case means non-existence of your debt, meaning in general nothing is non-existence, you can't create something that exists from something that does not exist-this is the basic rule.

Again, as far as we know this is true. We only believe this to be true because we have never observed a contradiction to the rule. We can never be absolutely sure.

So, if there is no such EM field around the Earth, it means radiation will kill we like it or not, the fact this field protects us, Aurora borealis and Aurora australis prove this.

Nonsense. Just because a new theory is developed does not mean that somehow the real effects of the EM field suddenly go away.

Fair enough, but you call it gravity and gravitational field and its effects here on Earth are real.

That's what I'm getting at. If I develop another theory for gravity that works and doesn't use geometry or fields, it in no way changes the fact that gravity still works exactly as it always has.

If at least one part of the hypothesis or theory works (and it's scientifically proven every single moment/time) in reality exactly in the way reality works, than there is nothing else to prove, than this part of hypothesis or theory is 100% proven.
That's what I'm trying to say, and I think that's a fair statement.
Cheers.

I disagree completely.
 
  • #42
Drakkith, you are taking your initially reasonable argument way too far into scepticism, almost into Heyerabend's Epistemological anarchism territory(and I am not sure that even philosophers agree with his views)

There is obviously a difference between empirically confirmed scientific models which get falsified but remain true in some domains and mysticism/religious beliefs.
There is no better theory of the interaction of matter in spacetime than QFT and its predictions hold up every time. This usually means that we have a very good map of the territory. Even if the theory is one day disproved in experiment, it will remain approximately valid, so the concept that reality is composed entirely and solely of fields will remain. What will surely not remain intact is the human concept of reality as that concept is based on assumptions and as long as experiments do not agree with it, it will be prone to modifications.
 
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  • #43
This thread has moved from physics to philosophy. Since we do not have a philosophy forum, this thread is now closed.
 

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