Uniform and Pointwise Convergance of Functions

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SUMMARY

The discussion clarifies that if a sequence of functions {f_n} is uniformly convergent, it necessarily converges to its pointwise limit, denoted as f. The distinction between uniform and pointwise convergence is emphasized, with uniform convergence being a stronger condition. The discussion illustrates that for uniform convergence, a single N' exists that applies to all x, ensuring that the limit function f is reached uniformly across the domain. This foundational understanding is critical for analyzing convergence behaviors in functional analysis.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of uniform convergence and pointwise convergence
  • Familiarity with sequences of functions
  • Basic knowledge of limits and ε-δ definitions
  • Concepts of functional analysis
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the definitions and properties of uniform convergence in detail
  • Explore examples of sequences of functions demonstrating both uniform and pointwise convergence
  • Learn about the implications of uniform convergence in functional analysis
  • Investigate the role of ε-δ arguments in proving convergence types
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Mathematicians, students of analysis, and anyone studying convergence in functional analysis will benefit from this discussion.

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Can anyone explain to me why if a sequence of functions {f_n} is uniformly convergent, then it must converge to it's pointwise limit?

So, if we showed {f_n} is not uniformly convergent to some f (f is the pointwise limit), how do we know that there isn't some other function, say g, such that {f_n} converges to g uniformly?
 
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The reason is that uniform convergence is stronger than pointwise convergence.

Suppose that the limit is f.
In the definition, you first pick some ε > 0.
Roughly speaking, for pointwise convergence you can find for any x some number N = N(x) such that for n > N, |fn(x) - f(x)| < ε.
For uniform convergence you can find an N' which works for all x at the same time. So if you have uniform convergence and you have your ε you can find some N', and if you take N(x) = N' for all x you can prove pointwise convergence.
 
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