Graduate Variation of the kinetic term in scalar field theory

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Varying the kinetic term in scalar field theory with respect to the metric tensor using two methods yields different results, specifically a discrepancy of a minus sign. Method 1 applies the variation directly to the metric, while Method 2 incorporates the relationship between covariant and contravariant metrics. The issue arises in Method 1, where the variations of the metric within the definitions of the derivatives are not accounted for. This oversight leads to an incomplete variation in the first method. Correctly including these variations resolves the discrepancy between the two methods.
Baela
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Varying ##\partial_\lambda\phi\,\partial^\lambda\phi## wrt the metric tensor ##g_{\mu\nu}## in two different ways gives me different results. Obviously I'm doing something wrong. Where am I going wrong?

Method 1: \begin{equation}
(\delta g_{\mu\nu})\,\partial^\mu\phi\,\partial^\nu\phi
\end{equation}

Method 2: \begin{align}&\quad\,\, (\delta g^{\mu\nu})\,\partial_\mu\phi\,\partial_\nu\phi \nonumber \\
&=(-g^{\mu\rho}g^{\nu\sigma}\delta g_{\rho\sigma})\,\partial_\mu\phi\,\partial_\nu\phi \quad (\because \delta g^{\mu\nu}=-g^{\mu\rho}g^{\nu\sigma}\delta g_{\rho\sigma} \,\,\text{as can be checked by varying the identity}\,\, g^{\mu\lambda}g_{\lambda\nu}=\delta^\mu_\nu) \nonumber\\
&=-(\delta g_{\rho\sigma})\,\partial^\rho\phi\,\partial^\sigma\phi
\end{align}
The second result differs from the first one by a minus sign. What's going wrong?
 
Last edited:
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In Method 1 you are missing the variations of the metric inside the definitions ##\partial^\mu \phi = g^{\mu\nu}\partial_\nu \phi##.
 
A good one to everyone. My previous post on this subject here on the forum was a fiasco. I’d like to apologize to everyone who did their best to comment and got ignored by me. In defence, I could tell you I had really little time to spend on discussion, and just overlooked the explanations that seemed irrelevant (why they seemed irrelevant, I will tell you at the end of this). Before we get to the point, I will kindly ask you to comment having considered this text carefully, because...

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