Vector Laplacian: Scalar or Vector?

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    Laplacian Vector
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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the nature of the Vector Laplacian, specifically whether it is a scalar or a vector, and how it applies to vector fields in the context of electromagnetic theory. Participants explore the definitions and implications of the Laplacian operator when applied to vectors and scalars, referencing various Wikipedia pages for clarification.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant notes a discrepancy between two Wikipedia pages regarding whether the Vector Laplacian is a vector or scalar.
  • Another participant explains that the d'Alembertian is a differential operator that can yield either a scalar or a vector depending on its application.
  • A participant questions the form of the Laplacian applied to the magnetic potential A, suggesting a specific expression for its components in Cartesian coordinates.
  • Another participant advises against using component form for vectors, recommending the use of basis vectors for clarity.
  • Several participants discuss the expression for the Laplacian of a vector field, with one asking if it can be expressed as a sum of second derivatives of its components.
  • There is a clarification that one proposed expression is not the Laplacian, while another is identified as a scalar.
  • One participant confirms that a specific expression for the Laplacian of A is valid in Cartesian coordinates.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the nature of the Vector Laplacian and its application to vector fields, with no consensus reached on the definitions or expressions involved.

Contextual Notes

There are unresolved questions regarding the assumptions made about the vector field A and the specific forms of the Laplacian operator in different coordinate systems.

olgerm
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according to this page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_Laplacian value of Vector_Laplacian is vector, but according to this page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D'Alembertian value of Vector_Laplacian is scalar

8a806b56e1a8af77aca1897fcd8ebf9c.png

Is on of these pages wrong or I misunderstand it?

I am asking because I want to know what does Δ2 equal to in this
1ad8dd4174eba9373c9235546a3264b8.png
and this
5020dc7c1608d709fcad4d7db1f19b50.png
equation on this https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_descriptions_of_the_electromagnetic_field#Coulomb_gauge page.
 
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The d'Alembertian is a differential operator. You can apply it to a scalar and get a scalar, or you can apply it to a vector and get a vector.
 
So since magnetic potential A in this equation
1ad8dd4174eba9373c9235546a3264b8.png
is vector ##\nabla^2=(\sum_{i=1}^3(\frac{\partial^2 A}{\partial x_i*\partial x_1});\sum_{i=1}^3(\frac{\partial^2 A}{\partial x_i*\partial x_2});\sum_{i=1}^3(\frac{\partial^2 A}{\partial x_i*\partial x_3}))## not ##\nabla^2=\sum_{i=1}^3(\frac{\partial^2 A}{\partial x_i^2})##?
These are Cartesian coordinates.
 
It is unclear what you intend to write with these expressions. In particular, it is unclear what you intend for ##A## to be (the vector, the vector components, etc). I strongly suggest that you do not write vectors on component form (x;y;z), but instead use basis vectors. This will make it much clearer what is intended.

The Laplace operator applied to a vector in Cartesian coordinates is such that the ##x## component of ##\nabla^2 \vec A## is equal to ##\nabla^2 A_x##, where ##A_x## is the ##x## component of ##\vec A##.
 
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olgerm said:
A is vector-field. I am trying to find out what does ##\nabla^2 A##, on this Wikipedia page
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_descriptions_of_the_electromagnetic_field#Gauge_freedom , equal to.
Is it that ##(\nabla^2 A)_i=\frac{\partial^2 A_i}{\partial x_i^2}## or ##(\nabla^2 A)_j=\sum_{i=1}^3(\frac{\partial^2 A_i}{\partial x_i \cdot \partial x_j})## or ##\nabla^2 A=\sum_{i=1}^3(\frac{\partial^2 A_i}{\partial x_i^2})##?
Where ##A_i## is the ##i## component of ##\vec A##.
Neither, see my previous post.

Your first option is just one term in the sum, your second is grad(div(A)) and not the Laplacian of A, your third is a scalar.
 
Orodruin said:
Yes. Although this is only valid in Cartesian coordinates.
Ok, thanks.
 

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