Royal births in those days were often protracted, painful and far from private. It was common practice for witnesses to attend a birth, to encourage the woman in labour and to swear there had been no foul play if the child died.
At a birth of a potential heir to the throne, witnesses were considered essential and the room would be crowded with ladies-in-waiting, midwives, servants and doctors, with the male courtiers hovering in the background. There were fears that unscrupulous monarchs would replace a dead baby with another newborn male, carried to the birth bed concealed in a warming pan. After the Reformation, Protestants were afraid that the Catholic Stuarts would cheat to divert the succession away from the Protestant Hanoverians.
Ministers and privy counsellors had been present with the ladies-in-waiting until 1894, when Queen Victoria decided that for the birth of the future Edward VIII, the home secretary would be enough. Princess Margaret kept the home secretary waiting for her birth at her grandparents' Scottish castle, Glamis, in August 1930. Home secretaries attended until the birth of Prince Charles at Buckingham Palace in 1948 when it was announced that the practice would be discontinued.