What Are the Methods for Detecting Gases in a Room?

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Avatrin
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Hi

I am not sure if this is the correct forum to post this on, but I guess it can be moved if it is not.

I just want to know what methods exists to detect gases in a room. Smoke alarms use ionization or electromagnetic light.

What other technologies exist on the market? What technologies are used in detectors that are used to detect, for instance, radon gas?

I know light is used to figure out the composition of gases in the atmosphere of distant planets. Is this practical in a room?

Finally, are there any more theoretical ways of detecting gases? What books should I read to learn about this?
 
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I think radon gas detectors look for the radiation rather than the gas itself. You can google that and how carbon monoxide detectors work.
 
you also have to account for light or heavy gases when detecting them kind of pointless putting a detector on the ceiling if the gas in question is heavier than air