What Are the Methods for Detecting Gases in a Room?

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Avatrin
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Hi

I am not sure if this is the correct forum to post this on, but I guess it can be moved if it is not.

I just want to know what methods exists to detect gases in a room. Smoke alarms use ionization or electromagnetic light.

What other technologies exist on the market? What technologies are used in detectors that are used to detect, for instance, radon gas?

I know light is used to figure out the composition of gases in the atmosphere of distant planets. Is this practical in a room?

Finally, are there any more theoretical ways of detecting gases? What books should I read to learn about this?
 
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you also have to account for light or heavy gases when detecting them kind of pointless putting a detector on the ceiling if the gas in question is heavier than air