What are two molecular states ?

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SUMMARY

In molecular orbital theory, there are two molecular states distinguished by the use of a prime symbol. The notation \(\sigma_g1s\) is incorrect as it conflates molecular orbitals (MOs) with atomic orbitals (AOs). The correct notation for molecular states involves understanding that \(\sigma_g\) indicates even (gerade) symmetry, which corresponds to the bonding sigma orbital. This discussion clarifies the importance of proper notation in representing molecular states and their symmetries.

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In molecular orbital theory, there are two molecular states. (see below)

I don't know the differences between these two states?
 

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The difference is one of them has an apostrophe.

Seriously though, to my knowledge there's no system of notation for atomic or molecular orbitals which uses the prime symbol for anything in particular. I'm guessing in the context they're denoting a particular atom's 1s orbital with a prime and another's without.

Writing [tex]\sigma_g1s[/tex] doesn't quite make sense by itself either - sigma is an MO, 1s is an atomic orbital, and you need at least two of those to get an MO.

[tex]\sigma_g[/tex] signifies the even (gerade) symmetry, it's the same as the bonding sigma orbital.
 

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