What Does X'X Represent in Linear Algebra?

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In linear algebra, X'X represents the product of a matrix X transposed and the matrix X itself, often denoted as XTX. This expression is significant in statistics, particularly in relation to sums of squares and cross-product matrices. The discussion highlights its relevance in understanding deviations in data analysis. The concept of transposition is crucial for matrix operations and transformations. Overall, X'X plays a vital role in various mathematical and statistical applications.
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What does X'X mean ?
 
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Apparently it has something to do with a matrix.
 
In linear algebra, ' is often used to indicate Transpose. So X'X = XTX.
 
Question: A clock's minute hand has length 4 and its hour hand has length 3. What is the distance between the tips at the moment when it is increasing most rapidly?(Putnam Exam Question) Answer: Making assumption that both the hands moves at constant angular velocities, the answer is ## \sqrt{7} .## But don't you think this assumption is somewhat doubtful and wrong?

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