What formulas should I use to calculate drag for a supersonic bullet?

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating drag for supersonic bullets, specifically addressing the limitations of traditional drag formulas at speeds beyond Mach 0.8. The user is developing projectile simulators and seeks guidance on appropriate formulas for drag coefficients at supersonic speeds (Mach 1.5) and during the transition to subsonic speeds. It is established that the standard drag formula applies once the bullet slows to Mach 0.8. Participants recommend self-study through resources on engineering ballistics, including a specific link to a relevant website.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of drag coefficients and their application in projectile motion
  • Familiarity with supersonic and subsonic flight dynamics
  • Knowledge of basic physics principles related to aerodynamics
  • Experience with projectile simulation software development
NEXT STEPS
  • Research advanced drag models for supersonic projectiles
  • Study the effects of air density and temperature on drag coefficients
  • Explore the transition dynamics between supersonic and subsonic speeds
  • Read engineering ballistics literature for comprehensive understanding
USEFUL FOR

Projectile simulation developers, aerospace engineers, and anyone involved in the study of ballistics and aerodynamics will benefit from this discussion.

darkdave3000
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I'm a computer scientist currently developing projectile simulators. My software will factor in drag coefficients of various shaped projectiles as well as gravity, air pressures, air density and temperatures at various heights. I am familiar with the drag formula but it's only useful up to Mach 0.8. Please help me understand what additional formulas I must use for speeds beyond Mach 0.8 in the thought experiment below:

Assuming that a bullet is a perfect sphere like a musket ball fired out of a hypothetically long barrel tank type caliber musket with 100mm caliber with enough energy to send the ball to supersonic speeds at say mach 1.5 and the ball is a sphere: drag coefficient of 0.47.

Assuming the ball leaves the barrel at mach 1.8 at an angle of 45 degrees, the ball will continue to slow down from supersonic to sub-sonic speeds.

What formula should I use to calculate drag while the ball is still in supersonic speeds?
What formula should I use to calculate drag while the ball slows to trans-sonic speeds?(mach 0.8-1.4)
I'm assuming that once it slows down to mach 0.8 I can use the normal drag formula that factors in drag coefficient.
 
Last edited:
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And with jedi's helpful post, this thread is done. :smile:
 

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