What Happens When a Ball Hits a Moving Wall?

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SUMMARY

When a ball is thrown towards a wall moving towards it, the outcome depends on the relative velocities involved. If a ball is thrown with velocity v towards a wall moving at speed w, in the wall's frame, the ball approaches at velocity v+w and rebounds at the same speed. Transitioning back to the lab frame, the ball's velocity becomes v+2w. In scenarios where w significantly exceeds v, the ball's final velocity approaches 2w.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of basic physics concepts such as velocity and frames of reference.
  • Familiarity with kinematics and the principles of motion.
  • Knowledge of relative velocity calculations.
  • Basic grasp of Newtonian mechanics.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the principles of relative velocity in different frames of reference.
  • Explore advanced kinematics problems involving moving objects.
  • Learn about the implications of momentum conservation in collisions.
  • Investigate real-world applications of these concepts in sports physics.
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Physics students, educators, and anyone interested in understanding motion dynamics and collision mechanics.

Domnu
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Problem
If you throw a ball with velocity v at a wall, it rebounds with the same speed, v. What happens if you throw it at speed v towards a wall which is traveling towards you at speed w? What is your answer in the limit in which w is much larger than v?

Answer
Let us work in the frame of the wall. The ball comes towards you at velocity v+w, so it must leave at velocity v+w with respect to you. Moving back to the lab frame, this means that the ball moves now, to the left with velocity v+2w. In the limit where w is much larger than v, the velocity of the ball is 2w.

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