What Is b^2-4ac? Quadratic Formula Explained

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SUMMARY

The expression b² - 4ac is known as the discriminant in the context of quadratic equations. It determines the nature of the roots of the equation, indicating whether there are two distinct real solutions, one repeated real solution, or two complex solutions based on its value being positive, zero, or negative, respectively. The discriminant is integral to the Quadratic Formula, which is derived through the method of completing the square. Algebra textbooks, particularly those focused on intermediate or college algebra, provide detailed discussions on the discriminant and its applications.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of quadratic equations
  • Familiarity with the Quadratic Formula
  • Knowledge of completing the square method
  • Basic algebraic manipulation skills
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the Quadratic Formula from completing the square
  • Explore the implications of the discriminant on the nature of roots
  • Review examples of solving quadratic equations using the discriminant
  • Investigate the relationship between the discriminant and graphing quadratic functions
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Students studying algebra, educators teaching quadratic equations, and anyone seeking to deepen their understanding of the properties of quadratic functions and their solutions.

askor
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As we know that ##x_{1,2}## of a quadratic function can be found with the below formula:

##\frac{-b ± \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}##

What do you call the ##b^2 - 4ac##?
 
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It's the discriminant, if I spelled that right.
Its value let's you know if you have complex or real solutions.
 
462chevelle said:
It's the discriminant, if I spelled that right.
Yes, you spelled it correctly.
462chevelle said:
Its value let's you know if you have complex or real solutions.
It discriminates between two real solutions, one real and repeated solution, and two complex solutions, depending on whether the discriminant is positive, zero, or negative, respectively.
 
I wasn't able to find about discriminant in my Calculus textbook.

What book I can found about this discriminant?
 
I would look in an algebra book
 
askor said:
I wasn't able to find about discriminant in my Calculus textbook.

What book I can found about this discriminant?
You should be able to find this in any algebra book. Look under quadratic equations.
 
Mondayman said:
You should be able to find this in any algebra book. Look under quadratic equations.
Yes, that is right. Any intermediate or college algebra textbook will discuss the discriminant of a quadratic equation or of a quadratic expression.

The discriminant occurs when you use Completing the Square to generally solve a quadratic equation; as well as if you use Completing the Square to solve a particular quadratic equation.
 
symbolipoint said:
The discriminant occurs when you use Completing the Square to generally solve a quadratic equation; as well as if you use Completing the Square to solve a particular quadratic equation.
The discriminant shows up in the Quadratic Formula, which is derived by completing the square. If you solve a quadratic equation by completing the square, you won't see the discriminant.

For example, solve ##x^2 - 4x - 1 = 0##
1. By Quadratic Formula
##\Rightarrow x = \frac{4 \pm \sqrt{4^2 - (4\cdot 1 \cdot (-1)}}{2} = \frac{4 \pm \sqrt{20}}{2} = 2 \pm \sqrt{5}##
Here the discriminant is ##b^2 - 4ac## = 16 - (-4) = 20

2. By completing the square
##x^2 - 4x - 1 = 0##
##\Rightarrow x^2 - 4x + 4 = 1 + 4##
##\Rightarrow (x - 2)^2 = 5##
##\Rightarrow x - 2 = \pm \sqrt{5}##
##\Rightarrow x = 2 \pm \sqrt{5}##

Notice that the discriminant (20) never explicitly appears in completing the square.
 
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Mark44 shows the ordinary algebra step behavior, that we usually simplify from one step to the next, and we do not then see the uncomputed expression for the discriminant. If we WANTED to, we could leave that part uncomputed, and finish its computation last.
 

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