Quantum theory is a scientific framework that describes the behavior of particles at the smallest scales, such as atoms and subatomic particles. It explains how these particles interact and how they behave differently from classical objects.
Quanta are the smallest units of energy that make up matter. They are described as discrete bundles or packets of energy, and they can exist in multiple states at the same time, known as superposition.
Classical physics describes the behavior of objects on a macroscopic scale, while quantum theory explains the behavior of particles on a microscopic scale. In classical physics, objects have a definite position and velocity, while in quantum theory, particles can exist in multiple states simultaneously.
The uncertainty principle states that it is impossible to know both the exact position and momentum of a particle at the same time. This is due to the wave-particle duality of particles, where they can behave as both waves and particles.
M-theory is a proposed theory that aims to unify all existing theories of physics, including quantum theory, general relativity, and string theory. It suggests that the fundamental building blocks of the universe are not particles, but rather one-dimensional strings that vibrate at different frequencies to create different particles and forces.