What is the electro-static energy of a sphere with uniform charge density?

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SUMMARY

The electro-static energy of a uniformly charged sphere is calculated using the formula U = (3/5)kQ²/R, where k is Coulomb's constant, Q is the total charge, and R is the radius of the sphere. The integration for potential energy should only be performed from r = 0 to r = R, as the charge density (rho) is zero outside the sphere. Any integration beyond this range contributes nothing to the total energy. Common mistakes include miscalculating the energy formula and overlooking the uniformity of charge distribution.

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Homework Statement


hello
I have a question,it's not homework related..I know the electro-static energy of a sphere is:(3/5)kQ/R

I tried to calculate it today using the expression:
U = 1/2 * integral (phi * rho dV)
where: phi is the potential, rho is charge density(uniform), dV is the volume element.

it's not hard to calculate the potential everywhere in space,but my problem is when I integrate over volume elements (4*pi*r^2 dr) should I integrate over:
r=0 to r=infinity? it doesn't seem reasonable because rho=0 outside the sphere.

anyway I tried to do that,i.e integrating over r=0 to r=R using the potential inside the sphere,but I didnt get the correct answer.

I would love to get some help with this.

thanks.
 
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You're right: the integral should go over all of space (r = 0 to r = infinity), but since rho is 0 outside of the sphere, all of the integration that goes on outside the sphere amounts to 0. That's why it's OK to only integrate inside the sphere (r = 0 to r = R). So you should be set. If it's not coming out, check your math and your equations again. Is the sphere uniformly charged? Is it a hollow shell with the charge just on the outside? Make sure you know which situation you're looking at.

P.S. I'm guessing that you're equation for the energy in the sphere ( (3/5)kQ/R ) is off. There should be a Q^2 term in there to make the units work...right now you have the units of an electric potential...which is potential energy per unit charge...they're closely related, but there's a distinct difference.
 
Last edited:
of course I meant (3/5)kQ^2/R :)

and you were right,I had a stupid math mistake(I really hate those)

thanks a lot.
 
Parallel said:
and you were right,I had a stupid math mistake(I really hate those)

Those will get you every time! Gotta love it :-p Glad it worked out though!
 

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