What is the electro-static energy of a sphere with uniform charge density?

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Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around calculating the electro-static energy of a uniformly charged sphere using the integral of potential and charge density. The original poster expresses confusion regarding the limits of integration, particularly whether to include regions outside the sphere where the charge density is zero.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Assumption checking

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • The original poster attempts to calculate the electro-static energy using the formula U = 1/2 * integral (phi * rho dV) and questions the integration limits. Some participants clarify that integration can be limited to the sphere's volume due to zero charge density outside it.

Discussion Status

The discussion is active with participants providing clarifications on the integration limits and potential issues with the original poster's calculations. There is acknowledgment of a previous mistake in the energy formula, which has been corrected. However, no consensus on the final approach has been reached.

Contextual Notes

Participants note the importance of understanding whether the sphere is uniformly charged or a hollow shell, which could affect the calculations. The original poster's initial formula for energy was also questioned for dimensional consistency.

Parallel
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Homework Statement


hello
I have a question,it's not homework related..I know the electro-static energy of a sphere is:(3/5)kQ/R

I tried to calculate it today using the expression:
U = 1/2 * integral (phi * rho dV)
where: phi is the potential, rho is charge density(uniform), dV is the volume element.

it's not hard to calculate the potential everywhere in space,but my problem is when I integrate over volume elements (4*pi*r^2 dr) should I integrate over:
r=0 to r=infinity? it doesn't seem reasonable because rho=0 outside the sphere.

anyway I tried to do that,i.e integrating over r=0 to r=R using the potential inside the sphere,but I didnt get the correct answer.

I would love to get some help with this.

thanks.
 
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You're right: the integral should go over all of space (r = 0 to r = infinity), but since rho is 0 outside of the sphere, all of the integration that goes on outside the sphere amounts to 0. That's why it's OK to only integrate inside the sphere (r = 0 to r = R). So you should be set. If it's not coming out, check your math and your equations again. Is the sphere uniformly charged? Is it a hollow shell with the charge just on the outside? Make sure you know which situation you're looking at.

P.S. I'm guessing that you're equation for the energy in the sphere ( (3/5)kQ/R ) is off. There should be a Q^2 term in there to make the units work...right now you have the units of an electric potential...which is potential energy per unit charge...they're closely related, but there's a distinct difference.
 
Last edited:
of course I meant (3/5)kQ^2/R :)

and you were right,I had a stupid math mistake(I really hate those)

thanks a lot.
 
Parallel said:
and you were right,I had a stupid math mistake(I really hate those)

Those will get you every time! Gotta love it :-p Glad it worked out though!
 

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