What is the Enthalpy Change for NaOH(s) to NaOH(g)?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around calculating the enthalpy change for the phase transition of sodium hydroxide from solid (NaOH(s)) to gas (NaOH(g)). It includes aspects of thermodynamics, specifically focusing on bond dissociation enthalpies and standard states of various substances involved in the reaction.

Discussion Character

  • Homework-related
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant presents a series of enthalpy values related to sodium and sodium hydroxide, questioning how to apply them to predict the enthalpy change for the transition from solid to gas.
  • Another participant suggests that bond dissociation enthalpy is independent of the state of matter, implying that the calculations can proceed without concern for the physical state of the elements involved.
  • A participant seeks clarification on the cancellation of aqueous ions in the enthalpy calculation and questions the standard state of elemental sodium in the context of the enthalpy of formation.
  • There is a request for further thoughts or insights on the previous replies, indicating ongoing uncertainty or need for clarification.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express uncertainty regarding the standard states of sodium and the treatment of aqueous ions in the enthalpy calculations. There is no consensus on how to approach the problem, and multiple viewpoints regarding the interpretation of standard states and bond dissociation enthalpies are present.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include unclear definitions of standard states for certain substances, potential misunderstandings regarding the treatment of aqueous ions in the enthalpy calculation, and unresolved questions about the physical states of sodium and hydroxide ions after dissociation.

ghostanime2001
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Enthalpy of NaOH(s) --> NaOH(g)

Homework Statement



Given:
1. Na_{(s)} \rightarrow Na_{(g)} \Delta H = 109 kJ

2. \Delta H^{\circ}_{diss} = 251\:kJ\:for\:O_{2}

3. \Delta H^{\circ}_{diss} = 435\:kJ\:for\<img src="/styles/physicsforums/xenforo/smilies/arghh.png" class="smilie" loading="lazy" alt=":H" title="Gah! :H" data-shortname=":H" />_{2}

4. \Delta H^{\circ}_{diss} = 465\:kJ\:for\:O-H

5. \Delta H^{\circ}_{diss} = 255\:kJ\:for\:Na-O

6. \Delta H_{soln} = -46\:kJ\:for\:NaOH_{(s)}

7. \Delta H^{\circ}_{f} = -427\:kJ\:for\:NaOH_{(s)}

Predict \Delta H for NaOH_{(s)} \rightarrow NaOH_{(g)} ?

Homework Equations


see above

The Attempt at a Solution


I understand the standard states of all substances for #1-3 but I am unsure of #4,5,7. I don't understand what the standard states are for #4,5 (both reactants and products). I don't understand what the physical state of sodium is for #7 (is it solid or gas ?). Also how will the aqueous ions produced from dissociation of sodium hydroxide in #6 cancel out ? and how will covalent bonds of Na-O or O-H as reactants cancel out ?

Thanks! :)
 
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You can assume bond dissociation enthalpy doesn't depend on the state. In #7 you start with elements in the standard state and end with NaOH in the standard state.
 
How will I cancel aqueous hydroxide ion or sodium cation ? So the standard state of elemental sodium in #7 is solid ? Also, after O--H bond or Na--O bond dissociates do the Na or O or H assume a gaseous state ?
 
Any new thoughts from my previous reply ?
 

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