What is the Fusion Rate of Protons and Boron-11?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the fusion of protons with Boron-11, specifically questioning the percentage of protons that achieve fusion and the impact of varying proton speeds on the fusion rate. The scope includes theoretical aspects of fusion reactions and the challenges associated with achieving effective fusion conditions.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant inquires about the percentage of protons that would achieve fusion with Boron-11 and whether varying their speed affects this rate.
  • Another participant explains that the fusion cross-section is energy-dependent and that higher speeds may lead to increased scattering rather than fusion, highlighting the complexities of achieving a plasma state for effective fusion.
  • A reference is made to the significant difference between the fusion cross-section and the effective cross-section for scattering events, indicating a challenge in achieving fusion with nonthermal ions.
  • A request for numerical data to better understand the losses due to interactions is made, reflecting curiosity about the quantitative aspects of the fusion process.
  • A related resource on fusion energy without radioactivity is shared, suggesting interest in alternative fusion methods.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying views on the complexities of achieving fusion with protons and Boron-11, with no consensus reached on the specific fusion rates or the effects of proton speed. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the exact parameters and outcomes of the fusion process.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights limitations in understanding the fusion process, including the dependence on energy levels, scattering probabilities, and the need for plasma conditions, which are not fully resolved in the conversation.

Drakkith
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Hey all, i just had a quick question in regards to fusing Boron-11 and a Proton.
If one were to fire protons at a block of Boron-11, about what percent of the protons would actually achieve fusion? Would varying the speed of the protons effect the fusion rate at all? (Other than stopping any reactions if the energy is too low obviously)
Thanks!
 
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Drakkith said:
Hey all, i just had a quick question in regards to fusing Boron-11 and a Proton.
If one were to fire protons at a block of Boron-11, about what percent of the protons would actually achieve fusion? Would varying the speed of the protons effect the fusion rate at all? (Other than stopping any reactions if the energy is too low obviously)
Thanks!
It's not quite so simple. If one uses a proton beam, the cross-section (probability) of reaction depends on the energy/speed. However there is generally a much greater probability of scatter, while at the same time there is a loss of energy due to interaction of the proton with the electrons, which is why plasmas are preferred. However to get a plasma, one has to ionize the B-11, but then one has to contend with the high pressures (or low nuclear density) and losses due to cyclotron and brehmsstrahlung radiation.

The parameter most often used to compare fusion reactions is n1n2<σv>, where n1 and n2 are the two nuclear species involved, and <σv> is an integral over the relative speeds of the nuclei, and σ is the speed (velocity) dependent microscopic cross-section of the reation.
 
From Wikipedia:

The fundamental difficulty with nonthermal ions is apparent when one compares the fusion cross section (fusion ~1 barn for p-11B at Ecm = 580 keV, where Ecm is the energy in the center-of-mass frame) to the effective cross section for many small-angle Coulomb scattering events that combine to produce a scattering angle of 90° rms in an incident beam (σeff ~60 barns for protons scattering on 11B at Ecm = 580 keV).

See http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/281/5375/307a



Bob S
 
Thanks Astronuc! Is there anywhere you could point me to so that i could get the numbers to crunch for this? I realize there are massive losses due to the interactions you stated and I'd like to see the actual numbers on it just out of curiosity. Thanks again.
Edit: Thanks to Bob S as well. I think i was typing up this reply when you posted. =)
 
In a related note, the following was a very interesting read on "Fusion energy without radioactivity: laser ignition of solid hydrogen–boron (11) fuel".

http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/STAFF/VISITING_FELLOWS%26PROFESSORS/pdf/BlockEnergyEnvir.pdf
 
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