High School What is the oldest of each class of star?

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SUMMARY

The discussion clarifies that stellar classification is not related to the time of formation of different star classes. The first stars, known as Population III stars, exhibited low metallicity and high mass, fitting into various stellar classes regardless of their formation timeline. The Harvard spectral classification system categorizes stars based on temperature and photospheric composition, meaning that stars of different populations can share the same class if their temperatures align. Additionally, the lifetime of stars on the main sequence varies by class, with more massive stars having shorter lifespans, but this is distinct from their formation times.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of stellar classification systems, specifically the Harvard spectral classification.
  • Knowledge of Population I, II, and III stars and their characteristics.
  • Familiarity with stellar lifecycles and main sequence star characteristics.
  • Basic astrophysics concepts, including temperature and metallicity in stars.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the characteristics and formation timelines of Population III stars.
  • Study the Harvard spectral classification in detail to understand its implications on stellar categorization.
  • Explore the relationship between stellar mass, luminosity, and main sequence lifetimes.
  • Investigate the differences between Population I, II, and III stars and their roles in the evolution of the universe.
USEFUL FOR

Astronomy students, astrophysicists, and anyone interested in stellar evolution and classification will benefit from this discussion.

plin092
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TL;DR
When did each stellar class of star start to form.
Hello! I would appreciate it if anyone could help me figure this out. I’ve been struggling to find info on my own but so far nothing’s turned up. I am a little confused on the timeline of the generations of stars. I know that our sun is considered an early Population I star.

However, I could have sworn I also remember that the different classes of stars started to first form at different times. So Class B stars first started to form __ billion of years ago, with Class A _ billion years after that, and Class O _ billion years after that. And that our sun, having formed 4.6 billions years ago, is one of the oldest G class stars.

(This doesn’t mean that there were absolutely no instances of lower class stars before these times. But they were extremely rare and only started to be commonly at these dates.)

But, when searching now, I cannot find any of these times online. Which has me thinking I may be mistaken. Is this idea correct, or have all classes formed the same as they do now after the first generation of stars? And if it is correct, when did each class of star start to form?
 
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plin092 said:
However, I could have sworn I also remember that the different classes of stars started to first form at different times. So Class B stars first started to form __ billion of years ago, with Class A _ billion years after that, and Class O _ billion years after that. And that our sun, having formed 4.6 billions years ago, is one of the oldest G class stars.
No, stellar class is unrelated to time of formation. The first stars were population III stars, with very low metallicity and likely a higher average mass than current stars. But they still fell into virtually all the different stellar classes.

Note that stellar classification, specifically the Harvard spectral classification, is based on temperature and photospheric composition, so a population III star with a surface temperature of 20,000 K and a population I star with a surface temperature of 20,000 K are both class B as far as I know. Someone correct me if I'm wrong please.
 
plin092 said:
I could have sworn I also remember that the different classes of stars started to first form at different times.
You might be thinking of the lifetime of a star on the main sequence, which does depend on stellar class. More massive/luminous main sequence stars have shorter lifetimes on the main sequence. But this has nothing to do with time of formation.
 
I always thought it was odd that we know dark energy expands our universe, and that we know it has been increasing over time, yet no one ever expressed a "true" size of the universe (not "observable" universe, the ENTIRE universe) by just reversing the process of expansion based on our understanding of its rate through history, to the point where everything would've been in an extremely small region. The more I've looked into it recently, I've come to find that it is due to that "inflation"...

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