What is the Poynting Vector for a Time-Dependent Electric Field in Vacuum?

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on deriving the Poynting vector for a time-dependent electric field in vacuum, represented by ⃗E = E0(0, 0, sin(ky − ωt). The corresponding magnetic field ⃗B is derived as B = (E0/c)sin(ky - ωt) using the relation curl E = -dB/dt. Both fields are confirmed to be perpendicular to the wave vector ⃗k = (0, k, 0) through dot product calculations. The final expression for the Poynting vector is N = (-1/μ0μr.c)(E0²sin(ky - ωt)²), indicating the energy flow direction of the electromagnetic wave.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Maxwell's equations, specifically curl and divergence.
  • Familiarity with electromagnetic wave propagation in vacuum.
  • Knowledge of vector calculus, particularly dot and cross products.
  • Basic concepts of Poynting vector and its significance in electromagnetism.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of Maxwell's equations in vacuum.
  • Learn about the properties of electromagnetic waves, including polarization and wave vectors.
  • Explore the significance of the Poynting vector in energy transfer in electromagnetic fields.
  • Investigate the implications of sign errors in vector calculations in electromagnetism.
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shevchenko12
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3 (a) ii) A time-dependent electric field in vacuum is given by
⃗E= E0(0, 0, sin(ky − ωt))
where E0 is a constant.
Derive an expression for the corresponding magnetic field ⃗B. [7]
Using curl E=-dB/dt
I end up with B=(E0/c)sin(ky-wt)
Show that both ⃗E and ⃗B are perpendicular to the wave vector ⃗k = (0, k, 0). [2]
Using the dot product i found that:
k.E=(0x0,0xk,0x ⃗E)=0
k.B=(0x ⃗E/c,0xk,0x0)=0
What is the Poynting vector for this wave? [4]

N=(ExB)/μ0μr

Then we get:

(1/μ0μr)((E0 2/c)sin(ky-wt)2,0,0)
Finally giving:
(-1/μ0.μr.c)(E02Sin(ky-wt)2)

I think the first two parts are right but have no idea if I am doing the right thing on the last part. I have used the cross product between E and B and got my final answer for part 3. Thanks for any help in advance!
 
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shevchenko12 said:
3 (a) ii) A time-dependent electric field in vacuum is given by
⃗E= E0(0, 0, sin(ky − ωt))
where E0 is a constant.
Derive an expression for the corresponding magnetic field ⃗B. [7]
Using curl E=-dB/dt
I end up with B=(E0/c)sin(ky-wt)
Show that both ⃗E and ⃗B are perpendicular to the wave vector ⃗k = (0, k, 0). [2]
Using the dot product i found that:
k.E=(0x0,0xk,0x ⃗E)=0
k.B=(0x ⃗E/c,0xk,0x0)=0
What is the Poynting vector for this wave? [4]

N=(ExB)/μ0μr

Then we get:

(1/μ0μr)((E0 2/c)sin(ky-wt)2,0,0)
Finally giving:
(-1/μ0.μr.c)(E02Sin(ky-wt)2)

I think the first two parts are right but have no idea if I am doing the right thing on the last part. I have used the cross product between E and B and got my final answer for part 3. Thanks for any help in advance!

Basically I see nothing wrong with what you did (except for possibly a sign error.)
But I'm not sure you took the dot-products right.
The E field has a z component so the B field has an x component & obviously each of these when dotted into the y direction of propagation gives zero. Is that what you wrote?
 
Erm, i think that's what i did. i knew that the dot products would give 0 as each one is along a different axis. Thanks for the reply btw, its good to know that I'm going along the right line.
 

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