What Is the Ratio of Electrostatic Forces After Introducing a Third Sphere?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the electrostatic forces between three identical conducting spheres, specifically the ratio of forces after introducing a third neutral sphere. Initially, spheres 1 and 2 have equal charges, and upon touching sphere 1, sphere 3 acquires half of its charge. After touching sphere 2, sphere 3 takes one-fourth of the charge from sphere 2, resulting in sphere 1 having half the original charge and sphere 2 having three-fourths. According to Coulomb's law, the forces between the spheres are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, confirming that the ratio F'/F is indeed -1.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Coulomb's Law and electrostatic forces
  • Knowledge of charge distribution in conducting spheres
  • Familiarity with the concept of neutral objects acquiring charge
  • Basic principles of electrostatics and conductors
NEXT STEPS
  • Study Coulomb's Law in detail, focusing on force calculations between charged objects
  • Explore charge distribution in conductors and the effects of touching charged objects
  • Investigate the behavior of neutral objects in electrostatic interactions
  • Learn about the principles of electrostatics in practical applications, such as electrostatic discharge
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This discussion is beneficial for physics students, educators, and anyone interested in understanding electrostatic forces and charge interactions in conductive materials.

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Identical isolated conducting spheres 1 and 2 have equal charges and are separated by a distance that is large compared with their diameters. The electrostatic force acting on sphere 2 due to sphere 1 is F and the force acting on sphere 1 due to sphere 2 is -F'. Suppose now that a third identical sphere 3, having an insulating handle and initially neutral, is touched first to sphere 1, then to sphere 2, and finally removed. What is the ratio F'/F?

So when the thrid sphere touches the first sphere it takes with it half the total charge of sphere 1. Then touching it to sphere two it takes only 1/4 of the charge.

So now sphere 1 has 1/2 the original charge and sphere 2 has 3/4 of the original charge. According to Coulomb's law the force of sphere 1 on sphere 2 is going to be [tex]k|q_1q_2|/r^2[/tex].

So wouldn't the force of sphere 1 on sphere 2 be the same as the force of sphere 2 on sphere 1? And if that is the case, then the ratio would be -1, right?
 
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