What is the speed of light in gravity?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the behavior of the speed of light in the presence of a gravitational field, exploring the implications of gravitational effects on light propagation. Participants examine different interpretations and measurements of light speed in various contexts, including local versus distant observations, and the influence of gravitational time dilation.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Technical explanation

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants assert that the speed of light is reduced in a gravitational field, while others question whether this is a well-proven fact.
  • It is noted that all observers measuring the speed of a photon locally in a vacuum will measure it as c, regardless of their proximity to massive objects.
  • One participant points out that while the speed of light is c when measured locally, it appears reduced when measured by a distant observer due to gravitational time dilation.
  • There is a discussion about whether the speed of light can be considered to vary in a gravitational field, particularly when inferred from measurements taken at different gravitational potentials.
  • Another participant mentions that in non-inertial frames, while the local speed of light remains c, the average speed over a finite distance may differ from c.
  • A further perspective suggests using a weak-field approximation to treat gravity as a perturbation, leading to different interpretations of light speed and enabling calculations similar to those in optics.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the nature of the speed of light in gravitational fields, with no consensus reached on whether it can be said to vary or if it is consistently measured as c locally.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights the complexity of defining "the speed of light" in varying gravitational contexts and the potential for different interpretations based on local versus distant measurements.

Zman
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“It is a well proven fact, that the speed of light is reduced in a gravitational field. As a consequence, a light beam, which passes a big object, is bent towards the object.”

I read the above quote on the internet but I am not sure if it is a well proven fact that c is reduced in a gravitational field.

What is the accepted wisdom in physics on this issue?
 
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It depends on what one means by "the speed of light".

All observers who measures the speed of a photon that whizzes by in their local (vacuum) neighbourhoods, near or far from large masses and even inside black holes, get the same result c.
 
Zman said:
“It is a well proven fact, that the speed of light is reduced in a gravitational field. As a consequence, a light beam, which passes a big object, is bent towards the object.”

I read the above quote on the internet but I am not sure if it is a well proven fact that c is reduced in a gravitational field.

Near a big mass the speed of light is reduced when measured by a distant clock. Measured locally it is still c due to gravitational time dialtion:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_time_dilation

The same happens in accelerated frames of reference;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_of_light_in_non-inertial_reference_frames
 
George Jones said:
It depends on what one means by "the speed of light".

Is there an interpretation where the "speed of light" in a gravitational field can be said to vary.

All observers measure the speed of light to be c locally but can the speed of light be inferred as having altered at some remote gravitational potential?
 
Zman said:
Is there an interpretation where the "speed of light" in a gravitational field can be said to vary.
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_of_light_in_non-inertial_reference_frames:
In non-inertial frames the local speed of light is also c, but the average speed of light measured over a finite distance may differ from c.
 
Last edited by a moderator:
Is there an interpretation where the "speed of light" in a gravitational field can be said to vary.
You can work in a weak-field approximation with a flat background, and treat gravitation as a perturbation. You then get g11/g00 (coordinate dx / coordinate dt) different from 1. Interpreting this as a different speed of light, you can calculate e.g. light deflection like you do in an optics problem. That's exactly what Einstein did in his original paper on GR.
 

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