What mistake did I make in finding the net force on a rotating disc?

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The discussion centers on calculating the net force exerted by a rotating disc on a mass moving along its diameter. The participant initially misapplies the concept of velocity, confusing speed with velocity, which is a vector quantity. They correctly identify the components of motion but fail to account for the direction of velocity when differentiating. The key correction emphasizes that acceleration should consider both changes in speed and direction. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for accurately determining the net force in this scenario.
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Homework Statement


A horizontal disc is rotating with an angular velocity w about its axis perpendicular to its plane. A small body of mass m moves with velocity v relative to the disc alog the diameter. Find the net force exerted by the disk on the body as function of radius from centre.

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


Attepmt-the velocity component perpendicular to radius is wr and its normal component is v. Thus net velocity at radius r is (v^2+(wr)^2)^(1/2).
I differentiate it wrt time but the answer comes to be wrong. Could anyone point out my mistake?
 
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Brilli said:
Thus net velocity at radius r is (v^2+(wr)^2)^(1/2).
I differentiate it wrt time but the answer comes to be wrong. Could anyone point out my mistake?
The expression (v2+(wr)2)1/2 represents the speed of the particle, not the velocity. Velocity is a vector quantity.
Acceleration is defined as rate of change of velocity, not rate of change of speed. So, acceleration takes into account change in direction of velocity as well as change in speed.

For a review of velocity and acceleration in polar coordinates, see
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/aeronau...fall-2009/lecture-notes/MIT16_07F09_Lec05.pdf

Note equation (4), which gives the acceleration.
 
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The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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