What Physics Principles Govern Bullet Impact on a Pivoting Target?

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The discussion focuses on the physics principles governing the impact of a bullet on a pivoting target, specifically a wooden board with dimensions 0.220m and mass 0.800 kg. The bullet, weighing 1.80g and traveling at 320m/s, embeds itself in the board upon impact. Key calculations involve determining the angular speed of the board post-impact using conservation of angular momentum and the maximum height the board reaches using conservation of energy principles. The conversation emphasizes that the initial kinetic energy of the bullet is not conserved; instead, angular momentum must be equated to find the system's behavior after impact.

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  • Understanding of angular momentum and its conservation
  • Knowledge of kinetic energy calculations
  • Familiarity with torque and its calculation
  • Basic principles of conservation of energy
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  • Calculate angular momentum using the formula L = mvR for the bullet before impact
  • Explore the conservation of energy to determine potential energy at maximum height
  • Investigate the minimum bullet speed required for the board to complete a full swing
  • Review the concepts of rotational dynamics and moment of inertia for rigid bodies
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Students and enthusiasts in physics, particularly those studying mechanics, as well as educators looking for practical examples of angular momentum and energy conservation in real-world scenarios.

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A target in a shooting gallery consists of a vertical square wooden board, 0.220m on a side and with mass 0.800 kg, that pivots on a horizontal axis along its top edge. The board is struck face-on at its center by a bullet with mass 1.80g that is traveling at 320m/s and that remains embedded in the board.
A)What is the angular speed of the board just after the bullet's impact?

B)What maximum height above the equilibrium position does the center of the board reach before starting to swing down again?

C)What minimum bullet speed would be required for the board to swing all the way over after impact?

I'm just a little confused about how to approach this problem. I wanted to know if I am on the right track and maybe where I should go with my information.

I started off finding the KE of the bullet before it strikes the board. Using KE = (1/2)mv^2 I got (1/2)(.0018kg)(320 m/s)^2 to get KE = 92.16 and I took this to be the force on the board that caused it to rotate

Then I wanted to know the Torque about the square so I used the equationg Radius X Force. I got (.110m) X (92.16 J) = 10.1376

I'm not exactly sure where to take this information. I thought about using Conservation of Energy but I don't know the PE of the system afterwards because I don't know how high it rises. If someone could just point in the right direction to find (A) I would greatly appreciate it. thank you
 
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It is not the KE that is conserved at the moment of impact but the angular momentum.

Equate the initial angular momentum of the bullet to the final ang mom of the system just after impact, and do the calc based on this. This will give you the initial KE of the system. From that, you can find out how much the board rises using consvn of energy.
 

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