So before I give any suggestions, you should know that I probably have less of a background in algebra than you and also haven't yet learned much Category Theory (but I work on it sometimes in my free time).
A while ago, I started a topic where I asked a similar question and did some reading through some books before picking one to start learning from.
The standard text on Category Theory is MacLane's Categories for the Working Mathematician, but it assumes that you're already familiar with a lot of algebra. In particular, I believe that it assumes some knowledge of algebraic topology.
Goldblatt has a book titled Topoi: The Categorical Analysis of Logic. It builds up all of the basic category theory and eventually covers a good deal. It also covers some basic topoi theory. It assumes that you have a fair grasp of undergrad algebra (but it is not necessary that you do).
Additionally, you can read the book for free here: http://historical.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/cul.math/docviewer?did=Gold010&seq=&view=75&frames=0&pagenum=
(Although I don't have a link to Goldblatt's website at this moment, the above link is on his website)
The only problem that I've noticed with the book is that it doesn't seem to have many examples of applications of the earlier ideas. It mainly builds up the basics so that it can get to Topos Theory
That is the book that I am working through at the moment.