The discussion addresses the small relative fluctuations of intensive properties in thermodynamics, explaining that these properties are derived from extensive properties, which exhibit tiny fluctuations. The central limit theorem applies, suggesting that averaging across a large system leads to stable intensive property values. Additionally, for an intensive property to be reliable, it must represent the limit as the population approaches infinity, resulting in reduced variation due to the combination of two peaked distributions. This understanding clarifies why intensive properties maintain small fluctuations despite their dependence on extensive properties. Overall, the relationship between extensive and intensive properties is key to understanding their stability in thermodynamic systems.
