Why does the kinetic theory of gases neglect potential energy ?

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SUMMARY

The kinetic theory of gases neglects potential energy due to the weak intermolecular forces between gas molecules, which are negligible because of the large distances separating them. This discussion clarifies that the potential energy is considered zero because the difference in potential energy at real distances compared to potential at infinity is minimal. Additionally, it emphasizes that intermolecular forces in gases do not adhere to the inverse square law, as they diminish even more rapidly with distance.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of kinetic theory of gases
  • Basic knowledge of intermolecular forces
  • Familiarity with potential energy concepts
  • Awareness of inverse square law principles
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  • Study the principles of the kinetic theory of gases
  • Explore intermolecular forces and their impact on gas behavior
  • Research potential energy calculations in various states of matter
  • Investigate the mathematical representation of forces in gases
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Students of physics, educators explaining gas behavior, and anyone interested in thermodynamics and molecular interactions.

kira506
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My textbook says that the forces of intermolecular attraction between gas molecules are very weak due to large intermolecular spaces between them , that's why they're negligible , Does this have a relation with "force is inversely proportional to the square of distance " (again , I don't know if this rule even applies here !) and my textbook also says that due to that , the potential energy is = Zero , what does that have to do with weak intermolecular forces that are negligible ?
 
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Forces between atoms in a gas usually do not follow an inverse square law - they drop even quicker with increasing distance.

If forces are negligible, the potential "at infinity" and the potential at real distances is nearly the same, therefore the potential energy (defined as this difference) is negligible.
 
mfb said:
Forces between atoms in a gas usually do not follow an inverse square law - they drop even quicker with increasing distance.

If forces are negligible, the potential "at infinity" and the potential at real distances is nearly the same, therefore the potential energy (defined as this difference) is negligible.

Thank you ! This was really helpful :smile:
 

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