Why Gold is the Reference Element for XPS: XRF & LIBS Alternatives

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the reasons why gold is commonly used as a reference element for calibrating detectors in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and explores potential alternatives for X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The conversation touches on the properties of gold and other metals in relation to their effectiveness as reference elements.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants propose that gold's inertness, non-reactive surface, and resistance to oxidation make it suitable for calibrating the Fermi level in XPS.
  • Others question whether the charge effect is a factor in gold's suitability and whether the loss of electrons in gold affects its Fermi level.
  • A participant suggests that if grounding is adequate, any metal could serve as a reference, prompting a discussion on why gold is preferred over less expensive alternatives like copper.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the specific reasons for gold's use as a reference element, with some agreeing on its properties while others challenge the necessity of using gold over other metals.

Contextual Notes

The discussion does not resolve the underlying assumptions regarding the charge effect and the grounding of samples, nor does it clarify the conditions under which different metals may be used effectively.

xhtp2000
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Hi, guys!
Gold is usually used as reference element to calibrate the detector in XPS due to the charge effect, why is Gold so specific? So what element can be the reference element for XRF and LIBS?
Thanks a lot!
 
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It is relatively inert, has a non-reactive surface, doesn't form an oxide (at least, not as easily as other metals), and thus, one can use it to calibrate the Fermi level.

Zz.
 
ZapperZ said:
It is relatively inert, has a non-reactive surface, doesn't form an oxide (at least, not as easily as other metals), and thus, one can use it to calibrate the Fermi level.

Zz.

Isn't it because of the the charge effect? Is Gold inert to charge effect as well? The loss of electrons in Gold does not effect its Fermi level? Will Pt also fulfil the calibration task?
 
You will have charging effect if your sample isn't well-grounded, and this will happen to gold as well!

If you have good ground contacts, then ANY metal will work. So here, you have to ask, why gold. Why not, say, copper, which is considerably LESS expensive?

Zz.
 

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