Why is the formula for potential energy in a spring 1/2(kd^2) instead of kd^2?

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Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around the formula for potential energy in a spring, specifically why it is expressed as \( U = \frac{1}{2} k d^2 \) rather than \( U = k d^2 \). Participants are exploring concepts related to work, energy, and the characteristics of spring forces as described by Hooke's law.

Discussion Character

  • Conceptual clarification, Mathematical reasoning, Assumption checking

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • Participants are examining the relationship between work done on a spring and the resulting potential energy, questioning the role of the factor of one-half in the potential energy formula. They discuss the implications of force being proportional to displacement and the graphical representation of work as the area under the force-displacement curve.

Discussion Status

The discussion is active, with participants raising questions about the derivation of the potential energy formula and the distinction between work done and potential energy. Some guidance has been offered regarding the integral of force to find potential energy, but there is no explicit consensus on the interpretations being explored.

Contextual Notes

Participants are referencing external resources, such as videos and textbooks, which may have differing explanations or representations of the concepts involved. There is a noted confusion regarding the graphical interpretation of work and the nature of conservative forces.

sodr2
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I just watched this http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eVl5zs6Lqy0" video...

If W = KE ---> Fd = [mv^2] / 2

If in a spring, force is equal to a constant (k) times how far its been stretched (d), then subbing kd for F in the first equation...

Kd^2 = [mv^2]/2
Rearranging, E = kd^2

But in my textbook, it says that E = 1/2 [kd^2]
Where did the 1/2 come from? Even in the video, W = Fd, so from the graph, you times F by d, getting a SQUARE, not a triangle, but he says you times F by d, and divide by 2 since your looking at the area (triangle) underneath...

Any help?
 
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sodr2 said:
I just watched this http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eVl5zs6Lqy0" video...

If W = KE ---> Fd = [mv^2] / 2

If in a spring, force is equal to a constant (k) times how far its been stretched (d), then subbing kd for F in the first equation...

Kd^2 = [mv^2]/2
Rearranging, E = kd^2

But in my textbook, it says that E = 1/2 [kd^2]
Where did the 1/2 come from? Even in the video, W = Fd, so from the graph, you times F by d, getting a SQUARE, not a triangle, but he says you times F by d, and divide by 2 since your looking at the area (triangle) underneath...

Any help?

[tex]U = \frac{1}2kx^2[/tex]

is the potential energy of the spring. You're talking about the kinetic energy.
 
Last edited by a moderator:
Okay...

If on a F vs x graph, you want to find work...

F = k x
W = F d

Then shouldn't work = k xd = kx^2?
 
sodr2 said:
Okay...

If on a F vs x graph, you want to find work...

F = k x
W = F d

Then shouldn't work = k xd = kx^2?

Yes...but the net work is only equal to the change in kinetic energy. What your book is saying (spring's potential energy) has nothing to do with what you're saying. For a conservative force (ie. only a position-dependent force) like Hooke's law, the force will equal the negative gradient of the potential. So now we have:

[tex]F = -kx[/tex]

Take integral and get:

[tex]U = \frac{1}2kx^2[/tex]
 
Last edited:
https://www.physicsforums.com/latex_images/24/2483850-2.png
whats that big s line thing for lol
 
Last edited by a moderator:

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