Why no EOM in QFT with higher than second order derivatives in time and space?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the implications of including higher than second order derivatives in the Lagrangian of quantum field theories (QFT). Participants explore the potential issues that arise from such formulations, particularly concerning the equations of motion (EOM) and the concept of locality.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions the importance of restricting the Lagrangian to at most second order derivatives, asking what physical troubles might arise from higher order EOM.
  • Another participant suggests that non-locality is a significant issue, indicating that higher order derivatives could lead to a Taylor series expansion that complicates the theory.
  • A different viewpoint states that non-locality specifically arises from negative powers of momentum in the Lagrangian, while a finite series of positive powers remains local.
  • There is a query about the mechanism by which negative powers of momentum lead to non-locality and the specific implications of this phenomenon.
  • One participant notes that while effective field theories can include higher derivative terms, such theories are not renormalizable and thus are not expected to represent fundamental theories.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the implications of higher order derivatives in QFT, particularly regarding locality and renormalizability. There is no consensus on the underlying reasons for avoiding higher order derivatives or the consequences of their inclusion.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights the complexity of the relationship between derivative order in Lagrangians and physical implications, such as locality and renormalizability, without resolving the specific mechanisms or definitions involved.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to those studying quantum field theory, particularly in relation to the formulation of Lagrangians and the implications of derivative orders on physical theories.

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When we write down a Lagragian for a quantum field theory, it is said that it should not depend on the second and higher order time and space derivatives of [tex]\phi[/tex], because we want the equation of motion(EOM) to be at most second order. Why is it so important. What trouble will a higher order EOM cuase in physics? Could anyone give me some examples? Thanks.
 
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The tale says that the problem is non-locality, that is you'd generate a Taylor series expansion.
 
Non-locality happens when there are negative powers of momentum in the lagrangian. A finite series of positive powers of momentum is still local. There must be some other physical reasons to rule out higher powers of momentum.
 
why do negative powers of momentum yield non-locality and in what sense?
 
Effective field theories sometimes have higher derivative powers. But, a field theory with any higher derivative terms will not be renormalizable and, so, would be expected not to be a fundamental theory.
 

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